Friday, August 21, 2020
Learning About Education Essay Samples
Learning About Education Essay SamplesEducation essay samples are a great way to understand a concept that you have not yet dealt with. They are also a great way to practice a particular concept that you might be unsure of. What makes them a bit different from other writing samples is that they have more than one example and may go into a little bit of detail about what to do when your topic is covered. The use of good education essays is one of the best ways to learn and gain a better understanding of the world around us.IELTS test preparation can be very important to your success in your career. If you think that you can write a solid education essay that tests well then you need to start thinking about the ways that you can prepare. There are two ways to go about IELTS prep. You can study an IELTS vocabulary test or IELTS listening test. The IELTS test is very similar to the SAT, but uses a different format.This article will discuss the IELTS vocabulary test first. Many students g et confused with this and do not realize that they should do more than just listen to the sample essay. It is very important that you know exactly what is expected of you and what words are used. The test is meant to be taken by adults, so you should be prepared.The sample is good, but you should look into learning the words that are being used. To do this you will need a working dictionary. A worksheet can help you with this as well as an online dictionary if you need to.An example will help a lot with this as well. You will be able to figure out exactly what is expected of you in your example. Also, be sure to get several examples for the different types of essays that you will be writing in future.You will also want to do some reading on writing essays. Don't be afraid to ask someone who has taken an IELTS test. Most of these people will have a wealth of knowledge about the subject. You can take a course at your school to help you get started. This is good because it will give yo u all the techniques that you need to succeed.You can find IELTS writing samples online. There are many sites that have samples of essays that you can use to prepare for your test. These sites are free to use and will help you understand the writing style.You should do all you can to prepare for your IELTS test and these IELTS writing samples will give you a head start. It can also give you a great understanding of the content of the IELTS test. There are also forums available that you can get help from when you are learning to write your own essay.
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Analysis Of Schindler s S List - 841 Words
For this assignment, I chose to view two movies. First, I chose Schindler’s List. I had never seen this movie and thought it was a good opportunity for me to finally see it. Second, I chose 12 Angry Men. I chose this movie because I am beginning to enjoy old movies from the 50’s and I also like some of the other movies Henry Fonda has been in. Schindler’s List is about the Polish-Jewish refugees persecution during World War II by Nazi Germany. Oskar Schindler is a German businessman and member of the Nazi party. He travels to Germany occupied Krakow, Poland in hopes of making his fortune. He acquires a factory and begins to produce enamelware with Jewish labor because it is cheaper. Further in the movie, an SS soldier Amon Goth†¦show more content†¦He also became an ethical person and his priorities shifted from making money to saving lives. Schindler also maintained his resilience through self-awareness and was able to continue with his ethical moral compass in the face of so much pressure from the Nazis. 12 Angry Men takes place almost entirely in a deliberation room in a courthouse. It is an examination of building consensus amid numerous personalities, opinions, and backgrounds. An 18 y/o boy is on trial for stabbing his father. If there is any reasonable doubt, they are all supposed to find a verdict of not guilty. All jurors originally vote guilty except for Davis. He has a reasonable doubt. The film explores many of the men in the room, some of whom have low morals, indifference, or simple carelessness. The film slowly moves from more votes on the verdict, some votes public and some votes by secret ballot. The different character personalities emerge and we begin to see how people behave in groups. The film ends with all 12 jurors voting not guilty. It was an excellent discovery through the legal process. I found this movie very informative and enjoyable to watch. Davis is a critical thinker. He wanted to examine all of the facts thoroughly before making a decision. Also, much like Schindler, Davis also relied heavily on his ethics in the decisions he made. Davis did not succumb to the organizational culture in theShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Schindler s List947 Words  | 4 Pages Well-known director and producer, Steven Spielberg, released a historical drama titled Schindler’s List. The American film was released in 1993, to inform the audience of Oskar Schindler’s success in protecting the lives of over a thousand Jews during the Holocaust as he provided them with employment in his factories. Spielberg creates a dramatic tone throughout the film in order to convey the true horror of the Holocaust as he provides the audience with dramatic scenes to better convey the genuineRead MoreAnalysis Of Schindler s List, And Benigni s Life Is Beautiful1351 Words  | 6 Pagestheme. In this essay I will be comparing and cont rasting how females are depicted in Spielberg’s Schindler’s List, and Benigni’s Life is Beautiful. While the Oscar nominated movies, Schindler’s List and Life is Beautiful, both fail to represent women in the spotlight as main characters, each movie seem to choose different ways and use different techniques to depict women. In Schindler’s List, the portrayal of women are the stereotypical passive women quite the opposite to Life is Beautiful where weRead MoreAnalysis Of Spielberg s Schindler s List Uses A Variety Of Macro And Micro Techniques1063 Words  | 5 PagesSpielberg’s Schindler’s List uses a variety of macro and micro techniques that are effective in eliciting strong emotional response form the spectator. Unlike horror films, which rely on micro techniques to create tension or foreshadowing, Spielberg relies on unconventional techniques that are often juxtaposed to have the spectator feel unsettled. Despite not being a h orror film, it is compatible to through the lack of violence in the film and the context of the Holocaust. Therefore, as a spectatorRead MoreNapoli1378 Words  | 6 Pagestheir sales from last year because of change of currency rate of Japanese yen and Canada dollar. Making the transferred sub-assemblies even more expensive was the fact that there were exchange rate fluctuations favoring Indian currencies. Second, Schindler s manufacturing cost structures were compatible with customization, not commoditization. According to â€Å" Exhibit 6†, Indian people focus on price or service, not safety or technology. One of the biggest challenges he faced as getting transfer costsRead MorePreparing to Conduct Business Research: Part 4 Essay1206 Words  | 5 PagesBusiness Research 4 Veronica Davis Leslie Franklin Kathy Santiago University of Phoenix Business Research RES/351 Philip Ingraham January 3, 2013 Introduction This paper will address the following questions as it pertains to data analysis approach and quantitative and qualitative result reporting for BP. â€Å"How will you have access to the population to be sampled or interviewed? What are the instruments you will use to collect data or qualitative information? What is the appropriateRead MoreCreating A Custom Motivation Program Or Purchase One Offered By A Consulting1376 Words  | 6 Pagestherefore provide a potential barometer of how large of a problem the acceleration issue truly is. A descriptive study of the drivers could be undertaken to answer key questions such as who, what, when and where (Cooper Schindler, 2014). Who experienced this condition would provide a list of viable interview candidates. How the vehicle acted before, during, and after this experience could provide researches with potential symptoms to forecast acceleration problem. Where the driver was driving and theRead MoreChallenges : Weaknesses And Strengths1164 Words  | 5 Pagesof online media such as Internet pages in the case of the respondent of social media, users, or paper surveys, which essentially adopts the paper. In both cases, the data collection comes first then followed with the next step, i.e. the analysis of the data. Analysis of the data will follow on to the next step. Individual interviews: The interview is a primary source of information for study because much expert personnel is working in a high position due to their accumulative information on the fieldRead Moreselling to india Essay2794 Words  | 12 Pagesï » ¿Selling into India: Lessons From Silvio Napoli No amount of process re-definition could have saved Schindler the pains associated with attempting to move into India with a low-cost strategy. Fundamental assumptions about India just wanting low-cost elevators where customization wasnt a requirement took the effort of creating a subsidiary to learn from. For the last four years Ive been teaching an international business course occasionally for a local MBA Program. My students are all workingRead MoreSilvio Napoli at Schindler India Essay2555 Words  | 11 Pagesthe right choice for general manager of Schindler ¡Ã‚ ¦s India operations? Why/Why not  ¡V give details. This question can be answered by taking following 3 things in consideration. 1.1 Silvio ¡Ã‚ ¦s characteristics This can be better explained by detailing his strengths and weaknesses. 1.1.1 Strengths: As per Luc Bonnard, they trust him 100%, he has courage, he is young and flexible, he is generalist not specialist, and willing to go to India. So here is the list of his strengths with the reason why thisRead MoreClassification And Interpretation Of Research Essay1451 Words  | 6 PagesResearch =The work undertaken in an systematic order to increase the stock of knowledge to devise new applications (Manual, 2012). Definition 3 Research =The blueprint for fulfilling research objectives and answer the questions (Cooper Schindler, 2013). critical analysis of each definition Similarities are: Data collection, result finding. Differences are: It can be in systematic way or the person who is doing research, by his way. Conclusion is: The definition are written in different ways but the
Friday, May 15, 2020
Poem Analysis Beowulf - 1619 Words
Ben Sparrow Ms. Finkelstein Honors English IV September 5, 2015 Beowulf is renowned as the oldest poem written in the English language, thought to be written over 1500 years ago this epic poem is still being heavily studied and compared to modern literature regularly. The protagonist, named Beowulf is a great warrior whose called to defend the Danes from the vicious attack of many monsters. Many would label this call to action as the start of his hero’s journey, although it isn’t an ancient concept by any means, the hero’s journey is one continually used even in the modern day. Within the epic poem of Beowulf, the protagonist follows a pattern of development seen within all true hero stories, including a deep physical development explicitly characterized by physical actions done by the hero, and mental expansion distinguished by the inner evolution of not only one’s thoughts, but their decision making and maturity., and the explicit following of the heroic code fully during this poem. This â€Å"jour ney†that Beowulf goes through has two clear levels: mental and physical, both of which are evident throughout the entirety of the story. The hero’s journey is a pattern seen throughout many of the greatest epic stories of history, and Beowulf is no different. Often times the mental level of this journey is up for debate as inner thought isn’t ever explicitly stated, although there are clear developments notable throughout Beowulf’s epic adventure. To start, Beowulf follows theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Beowulf 851 Words  | 4 Pagesoffers literary analysis of Beowulf, the oldest epic poem that has survived in English literature. It is also widely known as the earliest surviving piece of literatures in vernacular European Literature. The language of this poem is Old English, spoken by Saxon people. This poem depicts a traditional story that is a part of oral Germanic tradition. As per experts, this is work of a single poet and was composed i n then England. It has been determined by the scholars that this poem was written betweenRead MorePoem Analysis : Beowulf 906 Words  | 4 PagesKaleigh Della Grotta Ms. Murphy British Literature .2A Period C September 26, 2017 Beowulf Creative Writing Assignment Speech Honoring Beowulf I, Hrothgar, King of the Danes, built this mead hall to show everyone that Herot is the best mead hall to ever be created. Herot is a place for us to have celebrations where we eat, drink, and listen to poems shared all evening long. For countless nights Herot was your home where you would all fall fast asleep. As nights went on and things started toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Beowulf 3700 Words  | 15 PagesJames Quimby Mrs. Morris AP English 2 September 2014 Summer Reading Assignment Beowulf 1. This epic poem is one of the first works composed in the English language. It also tells us about the Anglo-Saxon people who lived in England and their culture. What values did these people support? What ideals did they try to live by? How do their values compare to our values today? Try to find similarities between our culture and this ancient culture. Use examples from text to support your points. The Anglo-SaxonRead More An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Characterization of Beowulf1918 Words  | 8 PagesCharacterization of Beowulf          The dialogue, action and motivation revolve about the characters in the poem (Abrams 32-33). It is the purpose of this essay to demonstrate the types of characters present in the anonymously written Anglo-Saxon poem, Beowulf - whether static or dynamic, whether flat or round, and whether protrayed through showing or telling.  At the very outset of the poem the reader is introduced, through â€Å"telling†by the scop, to Scyld Scefing, forefatherRead More An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Social Codes in Beowulf910 Words  | 4 PagesSocial Codes in Beowulf                                                             In reading Beowulf, one cannot help noticing the abundance of references to weapons and armor throughout the text. Many passages involving weapons and armor contain important messages that the author is trying to convey. These passages involve the choice to use or refrain from using arms, the practice of disarming oneself upon entering anothers home, and the idea of a mans worth being measured by his weaponsRead More An Analysis of the Arguably Unified Poem, Beowulf Essay example2971 Words  | 12 PagesAn Analysis of the Arguably Unified Poem, Beowulf Beowulf as a less than unified work, more important for its historical and philological content than its literary merit, and critics after him regard Beowulf as a unified work of art. For example, of the critics who discuss the poem as a whole in An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism, most agree pace Tolkien that Beowulf is a unified poem, even if they argue so on different grounds. Burton Raffels introduction to his own translation offers aRead MoreAn Analysis of Grendel Based on the Classic Poem Beowulf922 Words  | 4 PagesGrendel based on classic poem Beowulf in which there is three main characters the mother the dragon and the Grendel. Not only Grendel but other two characters too represent alien world evils. Grendel is analyzed here to assess if he is man, monster or a notion. THESIS STATEMENT Is Grendel a man, monster or a notion? THE FIGHT WITH GRENDEL The idea of Grendel is based on a poem Beowulf. The story revolves around the fight between good and evil in the life. Beowulf was the hero who faced threeRead More An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Anglo-Saxon Customs and Values Reflected in Beowulf1791 Words  | 8 PagesAnglo-Saxon Customs and Values Reflected in Beowulf      Readers today approach the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf with cultural preconceptions very different from those expressed by the author of this poem. This essay hopes to enlighten the modern reader regarding the customs and values from the time of the poem’s composition.   Beowulf makes reference to Ingeld and his wife and the coming Heathobard feud:                                                             inRead MoreHistorical Analysis Of Of Beowulf s Poem, Beowulf, Sir Gawain, King Arthur And Other Legends918 Words  | 4 PagesAnglo-Saxon monsters and takes us on a journey to a time where writers try to tackle modern problems. Along the way we come across characters such as Beowulf, Sir Gawain, King Arthur and other legends who remain a vital part of popular culture. History offers us a variety of heroes and legends that we can read and learn about. The historical poem of Beowulf not only reveals to us the importance cultural values of the warrior society, but also the importance of literature. The warrior culture at thisRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Period1740 Words  | 7 PagesBeowulf The original poem, Beowulf, goes back to the Anglo-Saxon period in c. 650 and c.1100. Authors translated Beowulf many times in the Anglo-Saxon period to present day. It displays how a hero should be in the real world. He helps the people in the village and slays monsters. Everyone in the village looks up to him as he acts as if he were a role model. Beowulf, the protagonist in the translated Beowulf by Seamus Heaney, is a hero of his village, stands for bravery, strong will, and nobleness
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Hacking Is Not Ethical - 2090 Words
Hacking is not Ethical If you are a good hacker everybody knows you, But if you are a great hacker nobody knows you (Rishabh Surya). Hacking is known in the community as a way of stealing information from people and it can be but it can also be a lot more. Hacking is a dangerous tool that can lead to a life of crime. When people hack it is to mostly gain information that would benefit them in some way. Hackers can obtain information from a lot of places they usually put their focus into one place so they are able to easily obtain information. Hacking is wrong and it is used for wrongful acts of stealing information Hacking is not ethical because it is used to steal one s personal information, it is used to steal a business s information, and is used to steal a government s classified information. Hacking cannot be considered ethical because it is used to get personal information from people. As PrivacyMatters states hacking could never be considered ethical because of all the times it has been used to stea l personal information from people (privacy matters.com). When hacking, people can steal personal information that may be on record in that account.When information such as credit card numbers, get stolen the hacker would usually go to an illegal online trading site where they will sell the information. Hacking has done several things to help steal personal information in fact, there are some extreme cases where a hacker has stolen the identity of another person. InShow MoreRelatedEthical Hacking2871 Words  | 12 Pagespornography, read their e-mail, steal their credit card number from an on-line shopping site, or implant software that will secretly transmit their organizations secrets to the open Internet. With these concerns and others, the ethical hacker can help. ETHICAL HACKING: Information security is the fastest growing area in the Information Technology (IT) sector. Security would be an easy process if all that had to be done is to install a fire wall and anti - virus software, but the reality is thatRead MoreEthical Hacking1028 Words  | 5 Pagesinformation systems; it seems that the Ethical Hacking is a better way. Therefore, whether to teach or not teach the Ethical Hacking as a course in Tertiary education has become an interesting argument. In this article will analysis the ethical, legal, and ethical implications of this issue. In order to discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications of this issue, one has to understand the definition of Ethical Hacking. The Word Spy states that Ethical hacking is a computer hacker who attemptsRead MoreEthical Hacking8365 Words  | 34 Pagesone of them is Ethical Hacking, by ethical hacking the security holes of a company or product can be easily detected and can be resolved, these hacker have legal writes to do those operation. It is both productive for both company and the hacker. 1. What is Ethical Hacking Ethical hacking provides a way to determine the security of an information technology environment – at least from a technical point of view [1]. As the name ethical hacking already tellsRead MoreEthical Ethics Of Ethical Hacking2141 Words  | 9 Pagesof hackers. Ethical or White Hat Hackers intent is to discover vulnerabilities from a malicious attacker’s viewpoint. Ethical hacking involves the same tools, tricks, and techniques that malicious hackers utilize. White Hat Hackers use penetration testing in order to test the security of an organizations communications infrastructure. The one difference is White Hat hackers have the organizations permission to test the vulnerability of the organizations systems. Ethical hacking is one part ofRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Hacking968 Words  | 4 Pagesdevelopment and issue is ethical hacking. To understand ethical hacking one must be able to define what it means to be a hacker. â€Å"A hacker is an individ ual who intends to gain unauthorized access to a computer system†(Laudon Traver, 2015). Oxford Dictionaries defines an ethical hacker as â€Å"a person who hacks into a computer network in order to test or evaluate its security, rather than with malicious or criminal intent†(Ethical Hacker, n.d.). In other words, an ethical hacker aims to discover ifRead MoreEthical Hacking Essay849 Words  | 4 PagesEthical hacking, in my opinion, is just as much as an oxymoron as ‘constructive criticism’. Before I go on to show that ‘ethical hacking’ is but an oxymoron only in the literal sense, it is essential for one to understand the words ’ethical’ and ‘hacking’ - origin, meaning and the misconception. ‘Ethical’ can be defined as ‘working with high professional morals and principles’. The original hacker was a person who liked to tinker with software and hardware alike, enjoying and exploring the way theRead MoreHacking Can Not Be Ethical1681 Words  | 7 PagesHacking cannot be considered ethical due to the fact that it damages a company s reputation. Hackers have no care in the world about the negatives that happen to you. They may not have anything against you but what you stand for. Erickson was the owner of a website known for political debates was hacked and his page on which he spent thousands of dollars on was hacked by Anonymous and became malicious. â€Å"Erickson spent $1,500 to rebuild his site with enhanced security measures. He also spent a considerableRead MoreThe Ethics Of Ethical Hacking1801 Words  | 8 PagesETHICAL HACKING It is a computer based term in which data access by the white hat hacker and give the security to its user and help to improve the cyber system with white hat hacker who love to work for their user with some security products and give the surety from some extent, after that gray hat hacker also work for the nation without any personal gaining motive as compare to other its work high ranking system or done by judiciary of every nation. On the other hand black hat hacker (cyber criminals)Read MoreThe Definition Of Ethical Hacking2042 Words  | 9 PagesThe definition of ethical hacking The definition of ethics depends on how a person views a subject, each person has a different view than another and because of this it makes defining ethical hacking very difficult. Ethics come from how a person is brought up, life experiences, discussions with others and laws and regulations where they live. A person may not agree with some of them but the majority of them they will understand and agree with. Ethics change as you age, which is why in many countriesRead MoreEthical Issues with Hacking1120 Words  | 5 PagesEthical Issues in the Workplace due to Hacking Statement of the Issue There is a new crime on the verge of being on America s top ten crimes list, computer hacking. Computer hacking is the practice of unlawfully gaining access to and sometimes tampering with information in a computer system. Since the cyber age, the use of computers has slowing integrated into most of society s everyday life and since then new crimes have emerged as a result of this age. The access of information readily
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Thesis Statement For Death Of A Salesman Essay Example For Students
Thesis Statement For Death Of A Salesman Essay Death of a Salesman (1985)In Death of a Salesman (1985) one of the main characters is an old rundown salesman by the name of Willy(not Bill, and not William) Lowman. Willy spends his whole life working as an average traveling salesman. What keeps him motivated is the hopes of his sons living a better life than his own. As Willy gets older and sees that he has not accomplished much with his life, and that his son Happy hates him. When his son Happy comes to visit Willy goes into these flashbacks of his good times with his family and job. Willy eventually gets fed up with his life and tries to kill himself on a few occasions. He attempts this by driving his car into the bridge, and making a contraption to hook into his gas line so that he can breathe it in and hopefully become overwhelmed and die. Then his loving wife Linda finds out about the hose in the basement for the gas and she becomes disturbed. Throughout the movie Linda is shown mending her stockings, and Willy yells at her that she does not have to do that, and he will buy her new ones. Later on in the movie viewers learn that Willy has a mistress in another city. To give her thanks he gives her a pair of stockings. This is a big act of disloyalty. In the end peace is made, and it appears everything is going to be ok.
Sunday, April 12, 2020
Going Beyond A Pat On The Back Essays - Foodservice, Turnover
Going beyond a Pat on the Back ? Motivation Theory at Work in the Food Service Industry America's love affair with restaurants has never been greater. According to Roy Alonso of the National Restaurant Association, there were over 750,000 locations offering food services of some sort in the United States as of 1997. It is estimated that half of all adults are foodservice patrons on a typical day, and over 43 cents of the consumers food dollar is spent at these establishments. In 1997, sales of restaurants of all types topped $286 billion dollars, and experienced a growth rate of twenty percent. However, all is no t well in the industry. With the national unemployment rate hovering around five percent ? the lowest level since 1973 ? the business of keeping and motivating workers poses a threat to an industry already in the midst of an 150 percent annual turnover rate. In addition, luring quality employees from other markets (such as the health care and retail industries) to fill the nearly four million new jobs that the industry is anticipated to create is a difficult pr oposition. According to Laura Parsons, director of staffing in North America for Burger King, ?The perception [among possible employees] is that fast food, and the service industry in general, is at the bottom of the barrel. We're losing employees every day because of this. We have to take steps to become the first employer of choice.? Thus employee retention through motivation has become one of the focal points of the industry. In fact at the Multi-Unit Food Service Operators Conference held in Los Angeles last year, it was the main topic of discussion, with countless seminars devoted to the subject. Even a cottage industry of ?incentive specialist? firms has sprung up. Numerous methods, techniques, and ideas have been tried, with varying levels of success. However, despite the superficial differences between the techniques, they are all based on the theories of motivation prompted by Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg that have been modified for the industry. According to the Penguin Dictionary of Psychology, behavior is defined as being purposeful and directed towards some end. That is, it is motivated by someone or something. According to the need theory of motivation, the driving force is the need, and the direction is towards a perceived reward and away from a perceived punishment. Building on this is the Hierarchy of Needs developed by Abraham Maslow in 1954. In summation, the needs of an individual are hierarchical, and the procession up the varying levels of need are successive. For example, a person's physiological needs must be met before they can progress on to safety needs, affection needs, and so on. Manfred Davidson, a scholar of Maslow's work and theorist, adds, ?once primary needs are met, they cease to act as drives and are replaced by needs of a higher order. Higher order needs manifest themselves only when this is the case. Frederick Herzberg presented another major theory of motivation through needs. In 1959, Herzberg and his colleagues asked more than 200 engineers and accountants to describe a job event that caused them extreme satisfaction, and another that caused them extreme dissatisfaction (Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman, 1967.) He found that factors causing satisfaction dealt with job content, and those causing dissatisfaction descried the job environment. Herzberg called the job content factors motivators and the job environment factors hygiene factors. More striking was his observation that an absence of motivators produced no satisfaction but also no dissatisfaction; it produced a state of neutrality. Also, fulfilling the hygiene factors eliminated dissatisfaction but did not satisfy. The results have come to be known as the Motivation-Hygiene theory or the Dual Factor Theory (Shipley and Kiely, 1988.) Although these experiments showed the motivating factors present in the workplace for professional and industrial workers, there was little data involving hospitality workers until Kwame Charles and Lincoln Marshall explored the motivational preferences of workers in Caribbean hotels. An interesting point that was determined from the study was that the top motivational factors for workers in this industry differed greatly from their counterparts in earlier surveys. The results showed that the top motivators were good wages and better working conditions. When Simons and Enz
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Karl Doenitz - Bio of World War II German Naval Commander
Karl Doenitz - Bio of World War II German Naval Commander The son of Emil and Anna Doenitz, Karl Doenitz was born at Berlin on September 16, 1891. Following his education, he enlisted as a sea cadet in the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) April 4, 1910, and was promoted to midshipman a year later. A gifted officer, he completed his exams and was commissioned as an acting second lieutenant on September 23, 1913. Assigned to the light cruiser SMS Breslau, Doenitz saw service in the Mediterranean in the years prior to World War I. The ships assignment was due to Germanys desire to have a presence in the region following the Balkan Wars. World War I With the commencement of hostilities in August 1914, Breslau and the battlecruiser SMS Goeben were ordered to attack Allied shipping. Prevented from doing so by French and British warships, the German vessels, under the command of Rear Admiral Wilhelm Anton Souchon, bombarded the French Algerian ports of Bà ´ne and Philippeville before turning for Messina to re-coal. Departing port, the German ships were chased across the Mediterranean by Allied forces. Entering the Dardanelles on August 10, both ships were transferred to the Ottoman Navy, however their German crews remained aboard. Over the next two years, Doenitz served aboard as the cruiser, now know as Midilli, operated against the Russians in the Black Sea. Promoted to first lieutenant in March 1916, he was placed in command of an airfield at the Dardanelles. Bored in this assignment, he requested a transfer to the submarine service which was granted that October. U-boats Assigned as a watch officer aboard U-39, Doenitz learned his new trade before receiving command of UC-25 in February 1918. That September, Doenitz returned to the Mediterranean as commander of UB-68. A month into his new command, Doenitzs u-boat suffered mechanical issues and was attacked and sunk by British warships near Malta. Escaping, he was rescued and became a prisoner for the wars final months. Taken to Britain, Doenitz was held in a camp near Sheffield. Repatriated in July 1919, he returned to Germany the following year and sought to resume his naval career. Entering the Weimar Republics navy, he was made a lieutenant on January 21, 1921. Interwar Years Shifting to torpedo boats, Doenitz progressed through the ranks and was promoted to lieutenant commander in 1928. Made a commander five years later, Doenitz was placed in command of the cruiser Emden. A training ship for naval cadets, Emden conducted annual world cruises. Following the re-introduction of u-boats to the German fleet, Doenitz was promoted to captain and given command of the 1st U-boat Flotilla in September 1935 which consisted of U-7, U-8, and U-9. Though initially concerned about the capabilities of early British sonar systems, such as ASDIC, Doenitz became a leading advocate for submarine warfare. New Strategies and Tactics In 1937, Doenitz began to resist the naval thinking of the time which was based on the fleet theories of American theorist Alfred Thayer Mahan. Rather than employ submarines in support of the battle fleet, he advocated for using them in a purely commerce raiding role. As such, Doenitz lobbied to convert the entire German fleet to submarines as he believed that a campaign dedicated to sinking merchant ships could quickly knock Britain out of any future wars. Re-introducing the group hunting, wolf pack tactics of World War I as well as calling for night, surface attacks on convoys, Doenitz believed that advances in radio and cryptography would make these methods more effective than in the past. He relentlessly trained his crews knowing that u-boats would be Germanys principal naval weapon in any future conflict. His views frequently brought him into conflict with other German naval leaders, such as Admiral Erich Raeder, who believed in the expansion of the Kriegsmarines surface fleet. World War II Begins Promoted to commodore and given command of all German u-boats on January 28, 1939, Doenitz began to prepare for war as tensions with Britain and France increased. With the outbreak of World War II that September, Doenitz possessed only 57 u-boats, only 22 of which were modern Type VIIs. Prevented from fully launching his commerce raiding campaign by Raeder and Hitler, who desired attacks against the Royal Navy, Doenitz was forced to comply. While his submarines scored successes in sinking the carrier HMS Courageous and the battleships HMS Royal Oak and HMS Barham, as well as damaging the battleship HMS Nelson, losses were incurred as naval targets were more heavily defended. These further reduced his already small fleet. Battle of the Atlantic Promoted to rear admiral on October 1, his u-boats continued attacks on British naval and merchant targets. Made a vice admiral in September 1940, Doenitzs fleet began to expand with the arrival of larger numbers of Type VIIs. Focusing his efforts against merchant traffic, his u-boats began to damage the British economy. Coordinating u-boats by radio using encoded messages, Doenitzs crews sank increasing amounts of Allied tonnage. With the entry of the United States into the war in December 1941, he commenced Operation Drumbeat which targeted Allied shipping off the East Coast. Beginning with only nine u-boats, the operation scored several successes and exposed the US Navys unpreparedness for anti-submarine warfare. Through 1942, as more u-boats joined the fleet, Doenitz was able to fully implement his wolf pack tactics by directing groups of submarines against Allied convoys. Inflicting heavy casualties, the attacks caused a crisis for the Allies. As British and American technology improved in 1943, they began to have more success in combating Doenitzs u-boats. As a result, he continued to press for new submarine technology and more advanced u-boat designs. Grand Admiral Promoted to grand admiral on January 30, 1943, Doenitz replaced Raeder as command-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine. With limited surface units remaining, he relied on them as a fleet in being to distract the Allies while focusing on submarine warfare. During his tenure, German designers produced some of the most advanced submarine designs of the war including the Type XXI. Despite spurts of success, as the war progressed, Doenitzs u-boats were slowly driven from the Atlantic as the Allies utilized sonar and other technology, as well as Ultra radio intercepts, to hunt down and sink them. Leader of Germany With the Soviets nearing Berlin, Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945. In his will he ordered that Doenitz replace him as the leader of Germany with the title of president. A surprise choice, it is thought that Doenitz was selected as Hitler believed that the only the navy had remained loyal to him. Though Joseph Goebbels was designated to be his chancellor, he committed suicide the next day. On May 1, Doenitz selected Count Ludwig Schwerin von Krosigk as chancellor and attempted to form a government. Headquartered at Flensburg, near the Danish border, Doenitzs government worked to ensure the loyalty of the army and encouraged German troops to surrender to the Americans and British rather than the Soviets. Authorizing German forces in northwestern Europe to surrender on May 4, Doenitz instructed Colonel General Alfred Jodl to sign the instrument of unconditional surrender on May 7. Not recognized by the Allies, his government ceased to rule after the surrender and was captured at Flensburg on May 23. Arrested, Doenitz was seen to be a strong supporter of Nazism and Hitler. As a result he was indicted as a major war criminal and was tried at Nuremberg. Final Years There Doenitz was accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity, largely relating to the use of unrestricted submarine warfare and issuing orders to ignore survivors in the water. Found guilty on charges of planning and waging a war of aggression and crimes against the laws of war, he was spared the death sentence as American Admiral Chester W. Nimitz provided an affidavit in support of unrestricted submarine warfare (which had been used against the Japanese in the Pacific) and due to the British use of a similar policy in the Skagerrak. As a result, Doenitz was sentenced to ten years in prison. Incarcerated at Spandau Prison, he was released on October 1, 1956. Retiring to Aumà ¼hle in northern West Germany, he focused on writing his memoirs in entitled Ten Years and Twenty Days. He remained in retirement until his death on December 24, 1980.
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