Free Native Son Essays: Class and Identity :: Native Son Essays

Class and identity operator-whats the difference? Merriam Websters 9th Collegiate-Class A group sharing the same sparing or tender status. 2 A group, set, or kind sharing common attributes. Identity Sameness of essential or generic character in different instances b sameness in tout ensemble that constitutes the clinical reality of a thing. According to these definitions, class is a sub-set of identity identity being the container for all different kinds of sameness, class being the sameness relating specifically to economic or social status. An argument that they argon the same might state that since ones economic/social status so completely limits or enables people in this society, that the overall identity of people is dictated by their class. It might further define the objective reality as the manifestation of a thing in light of its realistic limits and abilities. Take Robert for example. Who is Robert? What questions do we ask first? What is most important to us in formi ng our impression of him? In a multi-racial country like the United States, race might be one of the first. Physical appearances hair color, weight, etc. We train a mental image. Once we know these things, certain assumptions are made. Many of these assumptions are silent, almost subconscious judgments based on superficial information. Robert is black. Oh. Wheres he from? Detroit. Oh. split up of assumptions here. His class is practically defined for us through popular stereotypes without mention of his economic position. Guess what, hes poor, lives in the projects with his single mother. Oh. So now, what do we know of Roberts identity? Well, nothing really. But in reality, we can guess a whole lot of real life things that directly affect his identity, define it, limit it. He probably doesnt do well in school. Not because hes stupid, but because he has a bad attitude, and who could blame him the school he attends performs random searches of students. There are metal detectors and armed guards at every entrance and exit. To him, school is literally like a prison. And what prison really encourages thought in its inmates? No, just arse about them through. Theres no money for thought. Perhaps Robert is in a gang. Sure, gang is a handy label, but he might have a group of friends, and more of them carry weapons. They have a local area in common and believe correctly that Detroit is a dangerous city.

Pablo Casals: Internationally Renowned Cellist Essay -- Biography Bio

Pablo Casals Internationally Renowned Cellist Pablo Casals (sometimes called his original name Pau Carlos SalvidorDefillo De Casals) was one of, if not, the greatest cellists in history.Casals is easily recognized as one of the operate soloists of classicalmusic and he has many motions in his many years as a public figurethat have made him internationally renowned. Casals was born(p) in Vendrell, Spain on December 29, 1876. He receivedhis very first music lessons from his father (a music teacher), on theviolin. A four years later that, at the age of twelve, Casals realized hewould much rather play the cello instead, and begin lessons with thatinstrument. After nine years of study on the compete and the designing of theinstrument at the Madrid Conservatory, Casals decided to improve the soundof the cello by making important modifications on the techniques of playingit. For this first accomplishment Casals made, which he thought of simplyas necessary to my performa nce, Pablo Casals was widely acclaimed as amaster. He recei...

Paris During the Terror Essay -- Papers Paris France Terror Essays Pap

Paris During the Terror This document in its original form as a lyric is an unpublished document. However, because it has been translated and printed as a part of a book, it is at present a published document. As a source for study, it has several strengths. Firstly, it is now a part of a recognized historical document. Secondly, it fulfills the criteria of being a relevant document because of the authors proximity to the Paris Terror. It also provides correct clues about the view points (however biased) of Jacques Roux and others like him living in Paris at that time. On the other hand, while this speechs translation into English depart en veritable it reaches a wider audience, important nuances of the french language may acquit been lost in the crossover. As a result, significant connotations gained from a choice of French words may no longer be obvious and this may even affect the amount of unwitting testimony one might have been able to extrac t from it. Another weakness this speech will have is its bias. It is very obvious that Jacques Roux is passionate about the role of the government in the persecution of his people. The reader is presented with one side of the struggle without being aware of whether the government was in fact guilty of what it is charged with. The foot notes are also open to interpretation. How sure can the reader be of the accuracy of the information? While reading Jacques Rouxs speech, it may be difficult to decipher certain terms, one of which is the sans culottes. If one investigates, one will be faced with the task of interpreting which version was meant and used by Roux. In order to truly underst... ... by law, merchants and traders should assoil some moral responsibility towards the poverty stricken citizens of Paris. Although much of what Roux says can be checked against other documents of the era, his speech would be of significant use to a historian as e xcept for the translation to English, it has not been manipulated in terms of personal interpretations or open to discussion. It is mainly for this reason that for a historian, Jacques Rouxs speech is a minefield of information about the personal struggles of a Parisian living during the Terror. Bibliography An Introduction to the Humanities. History, Classicism and Revolution. Block 3. outspoken University Press.1997 An Introduction to the Humanities. Resource Book 2. Open University Press. 1997 www.library.ttu.edu/ul/subjects/humanities/history/

Islamic Art :: essays research papers

Muslim ArtIslamic contrivance is perhaps the most accessible manifestation of a complexcivilization that often seems enigmatic to outsiders. Through its brilliant use ofcolor and its superb balance between design and form, Islamic art creates an nimble visual impact. Its strong aesthetic appeal transcends distances in timeand space, as well as differences in language, culture, and creed. Islamic art notonly invites a closer look but also beckons the viewer to learn more.The term Islamic art may be confusing to some. It not only describes theart created specifically in the service of , but it also characterizes blue artproduced in lands under Islamic rule or influence, whatever the artists or thepatrons spectral affiliation. The term suggests an art unified in style andpurpose, and indeed there are certain common features that fill in the artsof all Islamic lands.1 Although this is a highly dynamic art, which is often markedby strong regional characteristics as well as by signif icant influences from othercultures, it retains an overall coherence that is remarkable given its vastgeographic and temporal boundaries. Of paramount concern to the developmentof this singular art is Islam itself, which fostered the creation of a distinctive visualculture with its own unique artistic language. Calligraphy is the most importantand pervasive element in Islamic art. It has always been considered the noblestform of art because of its association with the , the Muslim holy book, which iswritten in Arabic. This preoccupation with beautiful writing extended to all artsincluding secular manuscripts inscriptions on palaces and those applied tometalwork, pottery, stone, glass, wood, and textiles and to non-Arabic-speakingpeoples within the Islamic commonwealth whose languages such as Persian,Turkish, and Urdu were written in the Arabic script. Another characteristic ofIslamic art is a preference for covering surfaces with patterns composed ofgeometric or vegetal elements. Co mplex geometric designs, as well as intricatepatterns of vegetal ornament (such as the arabesque), create the impression ofunending repetition, which is believed by some to be an inducement tocontemplate the infinite nature of God. This type of nonrepresentationaldecoration may contribute been developed to such a high degree in Islamic artbecause of the absence of figural imagery, at least within a religious context.Contrary to a popular misconception, however, figural imagery is animportant aspect of Islamic art. Such images occur primarily in secular andespecially obliging arts and appear in a wide variety of media and in most periodsand places in which Islam flourished. It is important to note, nevertheless, that

Public Diplomacy :: International Relations Global Essays Papers

Public DiplomacyUtilizing more factually driven training than the spacious majority of his other chapters, Stevensons chapter 14 Persuasive Communication is still error-prone. Discussing the public diplomacy campaigns that have become so prominent this century, Stevenson insists on presenting a negative and cynical viewpoint on a matter that has tremendous potential for real change in the planetary arena. Referring to public diplomacy and information efforts as propaganda repeatedly, Stevenson divorces himself from judicious and fair-minded reporting, and reveals himself for the hugely partisan scholar that he is. Speaking of the public diplomacy campaigns, Stevenson claims that it is debatable whether mass media have mass effectuate or unaccompanied limited effects on audiences (Stevenson 364) and implies the futility of the efforts. In reality, however, public diplomacy campaigns are paramount to international relations and the continued success of the global system. The New York Times ran a special last December on the immense impacts that the United Nations Framework on Global Climate Change could provide. The conformity, write last year in Kyoto, Japan, required extensive public relations efforts on behalf of the United States and the European Union in order to convince develop nations, like those in Asia and Latin America, of the enormity of the problem that every system and every people on Earth were facing. It is not possible to dismiss this concerted effort on the part of the West to influence the periphery as cultural imperialism, colonialism, dependency revisited, or as any singular cynical argument. The Kyoto treaty was a vital and necessary first step towards a problem that faces every country. The public diplomacy was necessary only because the peripheral states lacked the scientists and leading inquiry institutions that the West had employed in order to explore the problem. As a further example of the benefits of public diploma cy, examine the United States position on nuclear deterrence. Although admittedly the US triumphs by restricting nuclear proliferation, the rewards are global. Hugely unpopular arms control treaties in the developing world have only been accomplished by the diplomacy initiated by the West. START-4 (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) set to be signed into law by the US, Russia, and for the first time, the former states of the USSR, required world-shattering public relations campaigns in order to convince the population of the necessity of arms control.

Public Diplomacy :: International Relations Global Essays Papers

Public DiplomacyUtilizing more factually driven information than the vast majority of his other chapters, Stevensons chapter 14 Persuasive Communication is still error-prone. Discussing the public finesse campaigns that have become so prominent this century, Stevenson insists on presenting a negative and cynical bandstand on a matter that has tremendous potential for real change in the global arena. Referring to public diplomacy and information efforts as propaganda repeatedly, Stevenson divorces himself from judicious and just reporting, and reveals himself for the hugely representativeisan scholar that he is. Speaking of the public diplomacy campaigns, Stevenson claims that it is debatable whether mass media have mass effects or only throttle effects on audiences (Stevenson 364) and implies the futility of the efforts. In reality, however, public diplomacy campaigns are paramount to international relations and the continued success of the global system. The New York Times ran a special last December on the immense impacts that the United Nations Framework on Global Climate Change could provide. The treaty, signed last year in Kyoto, Japan, required extensive public relations efforts on behalf of the United States and the European Union in order to convince developing nations, like those in Asia and Latin America, of the enormity of the problem that every system and every people on Earth were facing. It is not possible to dismiss this concerted effort on the part of the West to influence the periphery as cultural imperialism, colonialism, dependency revisited, or as any singular cynical argument. The Kyoto treaty was a vital and necessity first step towards a problem that faces every country. The public diplomacy was necessary only because the peripheral states lacked the scientists and leading research institutions that the West had employed in order to explore the problem. As a further example of the benefits of public diplomacy, examine the United States position on nuclear deterrence. Although admittedly the US triumphs by restricting nuclear proliferation, the rewards are global. Hugely unpopular arms control treaties in the developing world have only been accomplished by the diplomacy initiated by the West. START-4 (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) set to be signed into law by the US, Russia, and for the first time, the former states of the USSR, required significant public relations campaigns in order to convince the population of the necessity of arms control.

Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 17

He stared at her for an instant, his golden eyeballwide.Dont you believe me?I wouldnt put it past Sylvia to try, he verbalize. ButI dont think shes strong enough.She proclaim she got modified ingredients. And shesaid that zippo else could take the spell off.When he still looked doubtful, although a bit more grim, Maggie added, Why dont y bulgery it?He reached down with long, strong fingers to pullat the fastenings of his brace. It came off easily,and Maggies eyebrows went up. She blinked.He extended his arm, pointing it at the w on the whole, anddrew a dagger from his belt.Maggie had forgotten rough the blood part. Shebit the inside of her cheek and didnt say everythingashe unresolved a small cut on his wrist. Blood welled up red, accordingly flowed in a trickle.Just a little blast, Delos said, and looked calmlyat the wall. nonhing happened.He frowned, his golden eyes flaring dangerously.Maggie could draw the concentration in his face. Hesp take in his fingers. passive not hing happened.Maggie allow out her breath. I guess spells are invisible, she imagination. The brace was average for show.Delos was looking at his armasif it didnt belong to him.Were in trouble, Maggie said, trying not tomake it die like I told you so. While they thought they were alone in here, they were talkingabout all mannikins of things. All Hunter cares about is getting you to help him destroy the humans. Buttheres been some bragging(a) split in the Night World, and the witches have seceded from it.Delos went very still, and his eyes were distant.That means war. Open war between witches and vampires.Probably, Maggie said, waving a hand vaguely.But, listen, Delos, the witches sent individual here,an ambassador, to talk to you. To try to get you on their side. Hunter said theyve got one of the Wild Powers on their side already-the witches, I mean.Are you getting this?Of course, Delos said. But now his representative wasoddly distant, overly. He was looking at something Maggie couldnt see. But one out of four doesntmatter. Two out of four, three out of four-its notgood enough.What are you talkingabout? Maggie didnt waitfor him to answer. But, look. I know the little girl whocame to talk to you. Its the girl I was with on therocks, the other one you saved from Bern. ShesAradia, and shes Maiden of all the witches. And,Delos, theyre looking for her right now. They wantto slaughter her to assay her from getting to you. And shes my friend.Thats too bad.Weve got to stopthem, Maggie said, exasperated.Wecant.That brought Maggie up short. She stared at him.What are you talking about?Im saying we cant stop them. Theyre toostrong. Maggie, listen to me, he said calmly and clearly, when she began an incoherent protest.Thats the first time hes said my name out loud, she thought dizzily, and then she focused on his scripts.Its not just the spell theyve put on me. And itsnot just that they control the castle. Oh, yes, theydo, he said with a bitter laugh, cuttin g her off again. You havent been here very long you dontunderstand. The nobles here are centuries old,most of them. They dont like being ruled by a intelligent child with uncanny powers. As soon asHunter showed up, they transferred their loyalty to him.BUt-Hes everything they admire. The perfect vampire, the ultimate predator. Hes ruthless andbloodthirsty and he wants to give them the wholeworldas their hunting grounds. Do you unfeignedly thinkany of them can deny that? After years of huntingmindless, bewildered animals that have to be rationed out one at a time?With maybe the oddcreaky slave for a special treat? Do you think any of them wont follow him willingly?Maggie was silent. There was nothing she couldsay.He was right, and it was scary.And that isnt all, he continued remorselessly.Do you want to hear a prophecy?Not really, Maggie said. Shed heard more thanenough of those for one lifetime.He ignored her. My old teacher used to tell methis, he said.Four to stand between the light and theshadow,Four of blue fire, power in their blood.Born in the year of the blind Maidens visionFour less one and darkness triumphs.Uh huh, Maggie said. To her it effectualed likejust more of the same thing. The only interestingthing about it was that it mentioned the blindMaiden. That had to be Aradia, didnt it? She wasone famous witch.Whats born in the year of the blind Maidensvision? she asked.It means all the Wild Powers are the same age,born xvii years ago, Delos said impatiently. But thats not the point. The point is the last line,Four less one and darkness triumphs. That meansthat the darkness is leaving to win, Maggie.What do you mean?Its inevitable. Theres no right smart that the humansand the witches can get all four Wild Powers ontheir side. And if theres even one less than four,the darkness is going to win. All the vampires need to do is kill one of the Wild Powers, and its allover. Dont you see?Maggie stared at him. She did see what he wassaying, and it was even scarier than what hed saidbefore.But that doesnt mean we can just give up,she said, trying to puzzle out his expression. If we do that, it will be all over. We cant just surrender and letthem win.Of course not, he said harshly. We have tojoin them.There was a long silence. Maggie realized that her give tongue to had fallen open. what?We have to be on the winning side, and thatsthe vampire side. He looked at her with yelloweyes that seemed as remote and deathly calm as apanthers. Im sorry about your friends, plainly theres no chance for them. And the only chance for youis to become a vampire.Maggies brain suddenly surged into overdrive.All at once, she saw exactly what he was saying.And furygave her energy. He was lightning-fast, but she jumped up and out of the way before he could close his hands on her.Are you out of your mind?NoYoure going to killme?Im going to save your life, the only way I can.He stood up, following her with that same eerie calm.I cant believe this. I rea lly cant believe this, Maggie thought.She circled around the bed, then stopped. It was pointless he was going to get her eventually.She looked into his face one more time, and saw that he was completely serious. She dropped herarms and relaxed her shoulders, trying to slow herbreathing, meeting his eyes directly.Delos, this isnt just about me, and its not justabout my friends. Its about all the slaves here, andall the humans on the Outside. Turning me into a vampire isnt going to help them.Im sorry, he said again. But youre all that really matters.No, Im not,Maggie said, and this time the hottears didnt stop at her eyes, but overflowed and rolled down her cheeks. She shook them off angrily, and took one last deep breath.I wont let you, she said.You cant stop me.I can fight. I can make you kill me before youturn me into a vampire. If you want to try it thatway, come and take your best shot.Deloss yellow eyes bored into hers-and thensuddenly shifted and dropped. He stepped back, hisf ace cold.Fine, he said. If you wont cooperate, Ill putyou in the dungeon until you see whats best foryou.Maggie entangle her mouth drop open again.You wouldnt, she said.Watch me.The dungeon, like everything else in the castle,was heart-stoppingly authentic.It had something that Maggie had read about in books but hadnt seen in the rooms above rushesand straw on the floor. It also had a stone benchcarved directly into the stone wall and a peg down,barred window-slit about fifteen feet above Mag gies head. And that was all it had.Once Maggie had poked into the straw enoughto discover that she didnt really wantto know whatwas down there and shaken the iron bar that made up the door and examined the stone slabs in the wall and stood on the bench to try to climb to the window, therewas nothing else to do. She sat on the bench and felt the true enormity of the situation trickle in on her.She was really stuck here. Delos was really serious. And the world, the actual, real world out there , could be affected as a consequence.It wasnt that she didnt understand his motivation. She had been in his mind shed felt thestrength of his protectiveness for her. And she wanted to protect him, too.But it wasnt possible to forget about everyoneelse. Her parents, her friends, her teachers, thepaper girl. If she let Delos give up, what happenedto them?Even the people in the Dark Kingdom. Laundressand Old Mender and Soaker and Chamber-pot Emptier and all the other slaves. She caredabout them. She admired their gritty determination to goon living, whatever the circumstances-and theircourage in risking their lives to help her.Thats what Delosdoesnt understand, shethought. He doesnt see them as people, so he cantcare about them. All his life hes only cared abouthimself, and now about me. He cant look beyondthat.If only she could think of a way to makehimsee-but she couldnt. As the hours passed and thesilence began to wear on her, she kept trying.No inspiration came. And finally the lig ht outsideher cell began to fade and the cold started to settle in.She was half asleep, huddled on her chilly bench,when she heard the rattle of a key in a door. She jumped up and went to peer through the bars, hoping to see Delos.The door at the end of the narrow stone corridoropened and someone came in with a flare. But itwasnt Delos. It was a guard, and behind him wasanother guard, and this one had a prisoner.Jeanne Maggie said in dismay.And then her heart plummeted further.A third gear guard was half marching, half supporting Aradia.Maggie looked at them wordlessly.It wasnt like Jeanne not to fight, she thought, asthe guards opened the cell door and shoved theother girls in.The door clanged shut again, and the guardsmarched back out without speaking. close as an afterthought, one of them stuck a flare in an ironring to give the prisoners some light.And then they were gone.Jeanne picked herself up off the floor, and thenhelped Aradia get up. Theyve got P.J. upstairs,she said to Maggie, who was still staring. Theysaid they wouldnt hurt her if we went quietly.Maggie opened her mouth, shut it again, andtried to swallow her heart, which was in her throat.At last she managed to speak.Delos said that?Delos and Hunter Redfern and that witch.Theyre all very chummy.Maggie sat down on the cold bench.Im sorry, she said.Why? Because youre too stupidly trusting?Jeanne said. Youre not responsible for him.I think she means because shes his soulmate,Aradia said softly.Jeanne stared at her as if shed started speaking a foreign language. Maggie stared, too, feeling hereyes getting wider, trying to study the beautiful features in the semidarkness.She felt oddly shy of this girl whom shed calledCady and who had turned out to be something shecould never have imagined.How did you know that? she asked, trying notto sound tongue-tied. Can you justtell?Asmile curved the perfect lips in the shadows.I could tell before, Aradia said gently, backing upquite accurately to sit on the bench. When youcame back from seeing him the first time, but Iwas too foggy to really focus on anything then. Iveseen a lot of it in the last few years, though. Peoplefinding their soulmates, I mean.Youre better, arent you? Maggie said. Yousound lots moreawake. It wasnt just that. Aradia had always had a quiet dignity, but now therewas an authority and confidence about her thatwas new.The healing women helped me. Im still weak,though, Aradia said softly, looking around the cell.I cant use any of my powers-not that breakingthrough walls is among them, anyway.Maggie let her breath out. Oh, well. Im gladyoure awake, anyway. She added, feeling shy again,Um, I know your real name, now. Sorry about the misunderstanding before.Aradia put a hand-again perfectly accuratelyon Maggies. Listen, my dear friend, she said,startling Maggie with both the word and the intensity of her voice, nobody has ever helped me more than you did, or with less reason. If youd been oneof my people, and youd known who I was, it wouldhave been amazing enough. But from a human, who didnt know anything about me Shestopped and shook her head. I dont know if well even live through tonight, she said. But if we do,and if theres ever anything the witches can do foryou, all you have to do is ask.Maggie blinked hard. Thanks, she whispered. I meanyou know. I couldnt just see you.I do know, Aradia said. And thats the amazingthing. She squeezed Maggies hand. Whatever happens, Ill never forget you. And neither will theother witches, if I have anything to say about it.Maggie gulped. She didnt want to get startedcrying. She was afraid she wouldnt be able to stop.Fortunately Jeanne was looking back and forthbetween them like someone at a tennis match.Whats all this sappy stuff? she demanded. Whatare you guys talking about?Maggie told her. Not just about Aradia being Maiden of the witches, but about everything shedlearned from listening to Hunter Redfern andSylvia.So the witches have left the Night World, Ar adia said quietly, when she was finished. They wereabout ready to when I left.You were coming here to talk to Delos, Maggie said.Aradia nodded. We heard that Hunter had gotten some lead about the next Wild Power. And weknew he wasnt goingto take any chances on permit Circle Daybreak get hold of this one.Jeanne was rubbing her forehead. Whats Circle Daybreak?Its the last circle of witches-but it isnt justwitches. Its for humans, too, and for shapeshiftersand vampires who want to live in peace with humans. And now its for everybody who opposes the darkness. She thought a moment and added, I used to belong to Circle Twilight, the not-so wicked witches. She smiled, then it faded. Butnow there are really only two sides to choose from.Its the Daylightorthe Darkness, and thats all.Delos really isnt on the side of the Darkness,Maggie said, feeling the ache in her chest tighten.Hes just-confused. Hed join you if he didntthink it meant me getting killed.Aradia squeezed her hand again. I beli eve you,she said gently.So, youre some kind of bigwig of the witches,huh? Jeanne said.Aradia turned toward her and laughed. Im theirMaiden, the representative of the young witches. If I live long enough, Ill be their Mother one day, and then their Crone.What fun. But with all that, you still cant thinkof any way to get us out of here?Aradia sobered. I cant. Im sorry. If-this isntmuch use, but if I can do anything, its only to givea prophecy.Maggie made an involuntary noise in her throat.It came while I was asleep in the healers hut,Aradia said apologetically. And it was just athought, a concept. That if there was to be any helpin this valley, it was through appealing to peoples true hearts.Jeanne made a much louder and ruder noisethan Maggies.There is one more thing, Aradia said, turningher wide unfocused eyes toward Maggie and speaking as gently asever. I should have mentioned thisearlier. I can tell you about your brother.

Math Portfolio Ib Circles

MATHS PORTFORLIO SL TYPE I CIRCLES ? In this portfolio I am investigating the positions of points in see circles. (These argon shown on the following page. The following diagram shows a circle C1 with centre O and radius r, and any point P. The circle C2 has centre P and radius OP. Let A be one of the points of intersection of C1 and C2. Circle C3 has the centre A, and radius r. The point P? is the intersection of C3 with (OP). This is shown in the diagram below. As shown on the assignment sheet, r=OA. We therefore need to find the cling tos of OP? hen r=OA=1 for the following of the determine of OP OP=2, OP=3 and OP=4. We first of only extract the tri pitch OPA from the above diagram and since we have the honors for all the three sides we mass finds the angle AOP which will later on help to restore the value of duration OP?. The circle C2 and triplicity OPA are shown below with all side of OPA indicated. OP=AP since they are the radii of the same circle, C2. Having all the th ree sides, we can now calubulate the angle AOP using the co sinfulness rule. Angle AOP is calculated below Cos AOP=(2(2 _ ) 2(2 _ ) 12)/(-2? 2? 1) Cos AOP=0. 25 ? AOP =COS-10. 5 =75. 52248781 ?75. 5? Since we now having the triplicity AOP, we can extract the triangle AOP? from the diagram shown on the previous page which in return will help us to find OP? using the sine rule. The triangle AOP? is shown below O P For accuracy the value of angle AOP will be use as romaine-10. 25 instead of 75. 5?. Since triangle AOP? is an isosceles triangle, AOP=AP? O= romaine lettuce-10. 25. Therefore OAP? = (180-(2? cos-10. 25)). The calculation of the value of OP? is shown below (OP? )/(sinOAP? )=(AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 0. 25) ) =1/sin? (? cos? (-1) 0. 5) op? = 1/sin? (0. 25) ? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 0. 25) ) op? =1/2 When OP=3, the triangle OPA and the calculation of OP? are as follows Cos AOP = (32-32-12)/(-2? 3? 1) Cos AOP = 1/6 ? AOP = cos-1 1/6 =84. 4? From the triangle AO P? we can now calculate the length of OP? using the sine rule as before. The triangle AOP? and the calculator of OP? is shown below A 16 OP AP? O=AOP? =cos-11/6 OAP? = (180-(2 cos? (-1) 1/6) (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 1/6) ) =1/sin? (? cos? (-1) 1/6) op? = 1/sin? (1/6) ? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 1/6) ) = 1/3 When OP=4 Cos AOP =(42-42-12)/(-2? 4? 1) Cos AOP = 1/8 ? AOP =cos-1 1/8 =82. 4? Using the sine rule (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 1/8) ) =1/sin? (? cos? (-1) 1/8) op? = 1/(sin? (? cos? (-1 ) 1/8))? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 1/8) ) = 1/4 When OP=2, OP? = 1/2when OP=3 , OP? = 1/3 and when OP=4, OP? = 1/4 . This indicates that the value of OP? is dependent on the value of OP. In fact it is inversely proportional to the value of OP.To arrive at the value of OP? , 1 is divided by the value of OP. Therefore generally, the value of OP can be written as OP=r/OP Moreover, from the values of OP? calculated above, it is observ ed that the value of OP? is twice Cos AOP. The general statement therefore can be written as OP? = 2 Cos? Let OP=2. Find OP? when r=2, r=3 and r=4. Describe what you notice and write a general statement to represent this. Comment on whether or not this statement is reconciled with your to begin with statement. First of all we need to calculate the value of OP? when OP=2 and r=2. The triangle AOP now looks like as followsA 22 1. 5P Since all the sides are of the same length, then AOP=APO=OAP=60 (according to the angle sum of the triangle). The triangle AOP? is shown below from which OP? is found. A 22 O2P AO=AP? from the diagram given on the lab sheet, therefore AOP=APO=60. The remaining angle OAP= (180-(2? 60)) = 60. This then means that triangle AOP? is an equilateral triangle all its sides are the same. ?AO=AP? =OP? =2 We now need to calculate the value of OP? when OP=2 and r=3. Below is the triangle AOP and the calculation of angle AOP. 22 3 Cos AOP = (22-22-32)/(-2? 2? 3) Co s AOP = 3/4 AOP = cos-1 3/4 = 41. 4 Having calculated the value of angle AOP, we can now calculate the value of OP? from AOP? using the sine rule as shown below A 33 O P? Angle OAP? = 180-(2 Cos? (-1) 3/4) (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 3/4) ) =1/sin? (? cos? (-1) 3/4) op? = 1/sin? (? cos? (-1) 3/4) ? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 1/8) ) =9/2=4. 5 The value of OP? is now calculated when OP=2 and r=4 using the same regularity as above. 22 O4P 44 P? Cos AOP = (22-22-42)/(-2? 2? 4) Cos AOP = 1 ? AOP = cos-1 1= 0AOP? =AP? O=0 ?OAP? =180-(2? 0) = 180 OP? 2= OA2+ AP? 2-2? OA? AP? Cos OAP? = 42+42-2? 4? 4 Cos 180 = 64 OP? = v64 = 8 Below is the table for the vales of r, OP and OP when OP is kept constant. ROPOP 222 324. 5 428 When OP=2, OP? =2 when OP=3, OP? = ( 9)/2 and when OP=4, OP? =8. From these results it can be seen that the length OP? increases with the increasing length OP and the general statement for the variation in the values of OP? is as follows OP? = r2/OP. This general statement is not fully consistent with the first one because r/OP is not always equal to r2/OP.When the above values are substituted into the first general statement, wrong values of OP? are obtained but the latter general statement holds for both data. However both the general statements hold true when r=1 since 12=1, which indicates that for this value of r, r2/n=r/n. Use technology to investigate other values of r and OP. Find the general statement of OP?. I used GeoGebra to draw the intersecting circles with the values of r and OP stated and the values of OP? were automatically calculated. When r=1and OP=2 OP=0. 5

The New Economic Policy

How far were economic problems responsible for Stalins finality to replace the bracing Economic Policy in 1928 with the start-off Five-Year Plan ? There seemed to be various reasons why Stalin decided to replace the New Economic Policy with the head start Five-Year Plan in 1928. These included economic problems, the role of ideology, a aid of invasion and political considerations. Although economic problems certainly were an important reason for Stalins decision, the almost significant reason must have been political, since the consolidation of his power position had always been Stalins prime concern.The occurrence of economic problems presumably played a major role in Stalins decision to move away from the New Economic Policy (NEP), although it must be noted that, before that time, the NEP had had its, albeit limited, achievement By 1925 the NEP had returned the economy to its pre-war levels, and by 1927 both agriculture and industrial production exceeded their pre-war level. However, the NEP had run into problems such as the scissors crisis in 1924 and the grain procurement crisis of 1927-28.For Stalin and many a(prenominal) pragmatists who had supported the NEP because it had been working, the grain procurement crisis brought matters to a head. Russia was by 1928 console an economically backward dry land compared to the large economies of Western Europe and e specificly the USA. Farming methods still were fundamentally backwards and unproductive. In industry there was a genuine necessity for the economy to develop and compete with western competitors far ahead of Russia.Economic problems were in all likelihood to be a catalyst for the bold measures of the first Five-Year Plan, since Stalin felt that without it Russia would keep lagging behind. Ideological aspects too seemed to matter in Stalins decision making, although his protest ideological position can be seen as somewhat blurred, since he used to frequently change policies according to what suited him best in his sideline of a leading role in the commie Party. For example, before his policy U-turn in 1928 Stalin had defended the NEC against opposition from the left wing of the Party.By 1927-28, when the NEP began to experience problems, Stalin sensed that stressing Communist ideological believes would gain him a lot of support. Many Communists, especially those of the left wing, saw the NEP as a retreat from Marxist, anti-capitalist principles and the urban working class resented the special position of the peasants under the NEP. Growing mass unemployment in the towns and food shortages combined with the ideological distaste felt by many Communists for the NEP and the Nepmen.This led Stalin to wage a class war against the peasants and the Kulaks in particular, branding those who would resist collectivisation as enemies of the people or enemies of the revolution. Communist ideology played their part in Stalins decision making since it ensured support not only from the Party but also from the workers and gave Stalin the moral grounds to prevail and secure control of the state. A fear of invasion must also have been influential in Stalins decision, as since back during the Civil War of 1918-21, when the western powers had clearly supported the Whites, the Communists had a certain suspicion for them.Russia found itself in a far from ideal international climate during the late 1920s, which clearly suggested that the Soviet Union was surrounded by hostile nations which undermined its national security. Stalin seemed to have felt the necessity for both setting up self-sufficiency in food production and industrialise rapidly in order to built up the armed forces and prepare Russia for war against the capitalist powers, or, as he would say at a Party meeting each we do it or they crush us. Since under the NEP these goals were unlikely to be accomplished, a fear of invasion probably was an important motivator behind the shift to the first Five-Year Pla n. Finally, and most importantly, political considerations led Stalin to replace the NEP. It could be seen as a continuation of the leadership struggle that had set in after the death of Lenin in 1924 and demonstrated Stalins victory over Bukharin, who was the leading advocate of the NEP. Stalin could show that he was able to apply his own policies and, in doing so, consolidate his position.The Plan would throw out gain him the support of the left wing of the Communist Party, which had been leaderless when Zinoviev, Kamenev and Trotsky were defeated and humiliated in 1927. In addition, he still advocated socialism in one country and therefore appealed to Russian nationalism. Self-sufficiency in food production and not being dependant on foreign grain imports was popular as it would thread Russia appear stronger and save money which could be used to improve living conditions.Political considerations were of prime importance to Stalin since he knew that if he could deliver all these things, it would serve the primary aim of securing his leadership position for the time to come. Overall, while it was possibly a combination of all factors discussed that played a role in Stalins decision to abandon the NEP in favour of the first Five-Year Plan, political considerations must have been the major driving force.However urgent a resolution of the pressing economic problems was, Stalin had be consistently throughout the leadership challenge of 1924-1928 that his basic aim was the consolidation of his power. He had repeatedly changed his policies to decimate both the left and right wing of the Party. worry so many times before, it is quite probable that his decision was yet another piece of opportunism. Had it not been for the unpopularity of the NEP among many Party members, it is questionable whether Stalin would have interpreted such bold steps.

Comparing and Contrasting Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart

Melisa Chan English Language and Literature Instructor Van Andel - February 1, 2013 Viewing Africa From Two Sides Of A Coin. There arent many an(prenominal) in naughtateds about the true face of Africa on bookshelves, in particular not novels scripted by an author who knows Africa best during the time of its pre-colonial period. Things decrease Apart is a novel worth reading because its eye opener for those with not-very-positive stereotypes of the continent. In fact, it has been said that Things Fall Apart was written as a response to an some separate novel, The disembodied spirit of Darkness.This is because in the latter novel, Africa was viewed in a darker light compared to the former novel. Thus, its natural that there will be differences and similarities between the twain novels. However, assuming that Things Fall Apart being written as a response to The core group of Darkness is a fact there will be more differences than similarities among the two novels, especially in terms of its author, point of view, and the perception of the novel towards Africa and how the Afri asss treated in the novels. One of the aspects in which the two novels realize more differences than similarities is the author.In terms of the author, The Heart of Darkness was written by Joseph Conrad, a non-African. He wrote the novel in Europe in 1902. This was during the Victorian Era under the rule of Queen Victoria. Apparently, in Europe, the African continent was viewed as a dark continent. This is perhaps due to the fact that it was compared to Europe itself where everything is civilized and familiar to them whereas Africa was a place of mystery and the unknown. On the other hand, Things Fall Apart was written by Chinua Achebe, an African who wrote this novel much later than Joseph Conrad, which was back in 1958.This novel was written in Africa just now published in England, unlike The Heart of Darkness which was written and published in the same continent. In addition, it was written during the pre-colonial period before they gained independence. Unlike Joseph Conrad who was a foreigner to Africa, Chinua Achebe knew his country as well as he knew himself, thus, he gave Africa and its people more life and made their personalities and nuance equally as noteworthy and vibrant as those around the world. Furthermore, there werent any use of comparison of the continent to other continents.The comparisons used in Things Fall Apart were linguistic rule comparisons between individuals and local villages. Another aspect in which we can compare and contrast the two novels is the point of view in which they were written. The Heart of Darkness was written in the first-person point of view, through Marlows eyes. A rather unique style of writing that Conrad used for The Heart of Darkness was that the novel was written as a double story with a first-person narration within a first-person narration.The frame-narrator is used to describe Marlows narration of his ow n story while the other first-person narrator is Marlow himself, depicting his adventure in the Congo. Unlike a typical first-person style, Marlows first-person narration is directed not towards the reader but to the men on the boat on the Thames. The frame-narrator on the other hand is narrating for the reader, the outer audience. It seemed like Conrad was reading aloud Marlows travel log. Things Fall Apart on the other hand was written in the third-person point of view.Instead of writing through the eyes of an African, the story of Things Fall Apart was written through the authors eyes, as if hes writing his observations of Okonkwo and the Igbo people. Things Fall Apart was written just like a typical story book which contained small interrelated stories, especially in the first part of the book. It was written in a way that depicted a progressive day-to-day basis of the people of Okonkwos family and his village. anyway that, the perception and treatment of Africa and its inhabit ants are very contrastive between the two novels.In The Heart of Darkness, the Africans were depicted as savage Africans (excerpt motifs and themes). They were treated like animals and slaves. In fact, the African slaves were described as soulless, as if they were empty shells used to work for the Europeans, They passed me within six inches, without a glance, with that complete deathlike indifference of unhappy savages. plain the Congo River was depicted as winding, dark and treacherous, compared to the Thames River which was depicted as a place of light, clear and unclouded.In Things Fall Apart, however, Africa and its people were depicted as full of vigor and life. The people of Umuofia were hardworking people who worked on their farms with passion and purpose. They also have a sense of pride and honor. For example, the people of Umuofia will only attack another(prenominal) village only if it was by the order of the Oracle or they will be punished. This can be proven by an ext ract from the novel never went to war unless its case was clear and just and was accepted as such by its Oraclethe Oracle had forbidden Umuofia to wage a war.If the clan had disobeyed the Oracle, they would have been beatennever fighta fight of blame (12). Even the environment seemed to be alive. There were changes in weather, farming and harvesting pacifys and even the season where the locusts came. When comparing and contrasting these two novels, a few similarities can be identified. First of all, they are similar in the way that they were written about Africa in the authors respective perspectives. They neither relied on external sources nor let them influence their writing style and context of their writing.Another similarity is that they both showed effects of the closure of the Europeans on the local community though they were introduced at different times in each novel. Colonization effects include loss of the African culture and principles and also a change in lifestyle of the local community. The hierarchy of the local community was also disturbed. In both novels, Africans who were supposed to be extremely regarded were degraded to mere followers or slaves. The similarities identified are somewhat superficial similarities because despite having similar aspects, at a closer look, these similarities also transport differences.In conclusion, there are more differences than similarities between these two novels. This is perhaps as expected because these two novels were written by two different people of different nationalities, backgrounds and perspectives. Furthermore, they were written in two different time periods. We cannot and should not judge which of these two novels is better. We should see these two novels as equals in terms of information sources because by reading, understanding and comparing these two novels, we get a better understanding of Africa from both sides of a coin.Thus, our perspective and knowledge of Africa is now broader and b ased on this, we can see Africa in a different light. Whether we see it in a better or worse light is entirely up to us to decide. However, at the very least, we have established the arguments about Africa to aid our judgment. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New Delhi Allied Publishers, 2010. Excerpt from Joseph Conrads The Heart of Darkness. Date of access 31 January 2013. Comparing and Contrasting the Novel, Heart of Darkness. 123HelpMe. com. 23 Feb 2013 . Ibo Religion in Things Fall Apart. Religion-Culture-and-Stories. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 3. 0 License. Date of access 30 January 2013. The Art of Narration in Heart of Darkness. Introduction to Heart of Darkness. Date of access 23 February 2013. http//home. roadrunner. com/jhartzog/heartofdarknessintro. html

American Government Essay

The Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia (1967) resulted in the striking down of state laws that prohibited neats and African Americans from marrying. Mildred Loving, one of the parties in the case, issued a statement on the fortieth-anniversary of her case in which she urged that same-sex couples be allowed to marry.Q. Are the two issueslaws prohibiting sundry(a) marriage and laws prohibiting same-sex marriagesimilar? Why or why not?I believe laws prohibiting motley marriage and laws prohibiting same-sex marriage are similar. Marriage is a unique bond between a man and a muliebrity, who agree to live together and fulfill each others moral and physical demands. However, such a bondage between a woman and a woman or a man and a man would be against nature. This is a widely accepted notion. In the Loving v. Virginia case, the judge believed when God created different races and set them on separate continents. Men should not interfere with His arrangements and should not pursue m iscellaneous relationships. However, the ACLU filed a motion on behalf of the Lovings that Racial Integrity Act 1924 and Statutes preventing marriages whole on the basis of classification violates The Equal Protection and Due Process clauses of the 14th amendment. This case holds its significance as it redefined what constituted a marriage. Some proponents of sunny chastens have cited this case in support of a right to marriage.Although opponents argue that this is not viable as the Loving marriage was still between a man and a woman. In the United States, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, Americans considered the freedom to choose a marriage partner a fundamental right. The idea that government could interfere with that choice is unthinkable. The case is also significant because it is about how the United States defined marriage. Before 1967, a legal marriage could not be contracted in states with anti-miscegenation laws if the partners were of different races. Thus the case redefined what constituted a marriage. Some proponents of gay rights have cited this case in support of a right to marriage, although opponents argue that this is not viable as the Loving marriage was still between a man and a woman. Randall Kennedys Interracial Intimacies, saw that opponents arguments against interracial relationships mirrored those of gayrights opponents.In Loving, Virginias Supreme Court justified a ban on interracial marriages by citing religious beliefs. Others argued against it on the railyard that it violated natural order, same is the case with same-sex marriages. the American Psychiatric Association considered homo sexuality a psychological disorder until 1973. Marriages are sought majorly as a foundation for having children, the relation to procreation is different in gay relationships. The live-and-let-live phenomenon practiced by most Americans doesnt apply to this spectrum, as it didnt apply to interracial marriages before 1967. Majority of t he Americans are against it from both the political spheres. President Clinton, during his reign signed the defense of marriage act, which refuses to recognize gay marriages, despite his election political platform for gay rights.Also, the lynching of Matthew Shepard in 1998 revealed that homosexuality triggered the same kind of violence and fear that was generated in the past by black-white sexual relations. Plus, a similar sexual inversion of family values appears in opponents arguments against gay marriage and in the historical argument against interracial sex. Casual sex is more tolerable than sex that involved meaning, this stood accredited for interracial non-marriage relationships and again the same holds true for gays today. However, according to Colin Powell, the analogy of gays to race is wrong, explaining that race is a status and sexual orientation is a behavior.Similar arguments against same-sex and interracial relationships appear in regards to children. There was o nce total opposition to couples keep abreasting children of different races, and there is still weight placed against allowing a white couple to adopt a black child, he said, because of societal pressures. The National Association for Black Social Workers has said such cases may result in black children having white minds. Similarly, fears abound that adopted children whose parents are gay will be more subject to prejudice, or the child will have confusion over their sexual orientationor worse, theyll end up being gay.

Indian Ethos and Values Essay

This is the first truth thought to every child. Even a poor uneducated worldly concern living in a hut knows that God is in everybody and therefore there is sameness in all. The second truth is ab come forth a holistic universe. Where at a take aim of pervading consciousness everything is interconnected at WASTHI LEVEL (Individual level) my limbs, hands, legs, ears, eyes, heart, lungs. Everything ar me. I live in all of them. Their sorrows and joys are my sorrows and Joys. Similarly at SAMASTHI level (the whole universe) I am not a single individual but I am a part of the whole universe Just as my limbs are part f me.Modern science has accepted that in this holistic universe all minds and matters are interconnected at a deeper level. The basic unity of life cannot be broken. Love, sacrifice therefore emerge as the only for a meaningful living. On the basis of this holistic vision, Indians keep up developed pasture ethos of life. They found that all work, physical or mental, ma nagerial or administrative have to be directed towards single purpose. The manifestation of the divinity in man by working for the good of others, for the happiness of others.These Indian ethos are required all over he world in present scenario in managing furrow and industry effectively and efficiently. Some of these ethos are as follows All work/Karma to manifest divinity, hence these must be pure, good, honest and sincere. Indian philosophy excessively teaches to perform every work without having any attachment to result, because results do not fall under the Jurisdiction of a doer. Such thinking and understanding leave change the whole attitude. Now the results will become a PRASAD-gratitude coming from the God himself.You can now accept the result with open mind without apprehensions-Just as you accept members into Considering motivations as internal every human being has the same divine atman with immense potentialities within Vedanta brings infinite expansion of mind, bre aks down all the barriers and brings out the God in man. Motivation is to be internal and not external. Such motivation involves the inner beauty and does not promote any greed in an individual to have more and more in return of his work.Such an understanding is essential before embarking on the task of building the indigenous strategy of guidance. These are Essential divinity of human soul Essential owners and solidarity of universe and all Philosophy of an integral experience. Family is the basic unit of hearty system. Rishi and ashramiac culture. Purusharth the mission. Varna-Ashram system. Spirit is destitute enquiry, tolerance and selective assimilation. The characteristics of Indian culture are that attends to be pervasive and enduring.When an international company is setting up business in India, it will have to look for the acceptability of their management in its present form in the Indian situation. The four basic cultural dimensions which may account for differences in management and HRD institutionalises across culture are the extent to which a society empahises collective rather than individual activity. the extent of power distance or tolerance for social inequility the extent of acceptance of uncertainity the extent to which a society empahises masculine values and behaviour such as assertiveness,ambitiousness and dominance etc.In the above diagram, the basic or the fundamental requirement for a manager is his VISION and attitude towards the environment in its totality i. e. Cosmic view based on cultural values. Next comes the emotional stability of the manager. He must be a self- controlled and self-propelled man. This can come by the heavy input of sattvic gunas and the constant practice of niskam karm. Job skills is the last input. Which though important, is not the Core Requirement as the westerners view it. Hence any international company should imbibe above mentioned features pursuance the business in India.

Illegal Immigration in America (Persuasive Essay)

Il effective in-migration in America Immigrating to America is a benefit and good because it allows people to seek a tender job, new life and have access to a brighter future for example, the pilgrims on the Mayflower. They immigrated to America for a new life and a brighter future. Immigrants, both legal and outlawed continue to immigrate to the United States of America for opportunities. But illegal immigrants have a good and bad effect to the economy and the country. For example illegal immigrants ar committing a crime.In just about instances, they did not apply for a visa at a U. S. Consulate, they did not pay the visa application fees, they were not interviewed for worthiness to tuck the U. S. , their backgrounds were not checked to see if they were dangerous criminals or narcotics traffickers and they obviously failed to respect the U. S. s laws. Furthermore, they often times illegally work in the U. S. , and they steal or illegally use somebody elses Social Security numbe r to gain employment. Therefore, many times an illegal alien breaks three federal laws.They work for final payment much less than the going-American wage, which results in lower wages for the people who compete against them and need better wages the most working class US citizens and legal residents. This results in many Americans earning less money and paying less taxes than they should, and further grows the ever-increasing wealth gap between the rich and the poor and negatively impacts the federal reckon deficit. A great number of illegal aliens also bring dangerous drugs, such as cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine.Illegal alien, Mexican national narcotics traffickers, for example, dominate the distribution of those drugs through-out most regions of the U. S. , except for South Florida and New England. 33% of all prisoners in federal penitentiaries are foreign nationals, and most of them are incarcerated for drug trafficking. The conclusion is that illegal immigration is not good because of trafficking, import on drugs and illegal immigrants committing crime. Plus the wages for the illegal immigrants are lower than the legal immigrants.

Ballyhoo, Prosperity and the Crash

The massive Depression which came after the Crash of 1929 traded the Statesn attitudes from optimism, something that Americans had because of the increasing flow of consumer bullys and because of this unsanded better way of liveliness to, despair. This economic despair was the lowest and bleakest clock time in American report. Factories closed, machines fell silent, and millions upon millions of people walked the streets, looking for jobs that did non exist (750). Lasting for ten years it took over every aspect of American life.Along with this came a change in government that would give way to a Democratic majority and removed Republican tick off since the 1890s. Immigrants who had came to America before WWI took a political stance that lasted by this difficult time on through to the next generation that resulted in the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt. One of the first things his office did was developing The New Deal. This would piss programs of relief, recuperation, a nd reform that greatly increase the role of government in American life (750) in an lying-in to ease suffering and begin the cartroad for economic recovery.In order to understand what happened economically during this time a look at business and government attitudes during the 20s should be examined. During the 20s Republicans use their return to power after WWI to halt further reform legislation and to establish a accessible relationship between government and business (742). This relationship led to false beliefs in economic emersion and stability. The automobile and appliance industries during this time caused a saturation of the foodstuff. This slowed sales steadily and in 1927 there was a mild recession.The owners of these industries could oblige raised wages or lowered prices in an effort to stimulate purchasing power and hold onto the consumer-goods revolution (750) simply ignored the signs. The government could have helped by auction blockping installment- procurein g and backwardness bank loans that could have made the depression not last as long, but didnt. The only macrocosm that saw a possible problem and tried to do something about it was The rural areaal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board saw problems and tried to stimulate the economy by lowering the discount rate, and charging banks slight for loans.This tautological credit that was given was thought to be used for re-investment but instead went into the assembly line market that was touching off a new wave of speculation that obscured the growing economic slowdown and ensured a far greater crash to come (751). Everyone jumped on the bandwagon as the 1920s became better known as the get-rich-quick era. Millions of individuals from all the way at the top to all the way at the bottom played the stocks. Anyone with extra cash was investing heavily in the stock markets. They were betting that the vast rise in shelter prices would make them huge profits.Savings were used to bet on the speculative stocks. Corporations used their large cash reserves to supply cash to brokers who in turn loaned it to investors on the margin. (751). By 1929 the whole country was in hunch forward with stock speculation. Offices open in huge numbers in city after city crosswise America and people flocked to them in hopes of riches. This national obsession with the bull market gave a false persuasion that the economy was healthy and this caused a blind eye towards the mistakes that were happening that would lead to disaster.It was in October of 1929 that put the stop to this obsession of speculation stock buying. Overnight corporations and financial institutions no longer would provide capital for stock market purchases and this also made investors and bankers stop giving consumer credit. This stopped consumer buying power and leading to a sharp slope downward of sales of consumer goods economic disaster that continued for 4 years. 1932 showed a time that unemployment had sw elled to 25 portion of the work force.Steel production was down to 12 percent of capacity and the bulky assembly lines in Detroit produced only a trickle of cars each day. (751) There were many contributing factors toward the path of the Great Depression, but the single most important was that factories produced more goods than they were consuming. Some others were unstable economic conditions in Europe, the agricultural decline since 1919, corporate mismanagement and of course over speculation. Americans didnt have the money to buy anymore.Even though most Americans didnt have a car or a refrigerator the money just wasnt there anymore. Too much money had gone into profits, dividends and industrial expansion. Not comely went into the hands of the workers who would become the consumer. Wages vs. factory productivity did not equal out. Factory productivity had increased 43 percent during the decade, but the wages of industrial workers had only gone up 11 percent (752). If all the money that was used for speculation had gone to increase wages then consumer purchasing would have gone up.This would have created a balance in production and consumption. It was only after a good look at what happened would the consumer-goods economy of America be understood. Not only did this cause a huge hardship for the population it also showed a challenge for political leadership in America. When Roosevelt took office the nation was near an economic collapse with unemployment at thirteen million. His first step was to save the banks. He drafted new legislature for banking that would help the stronger banks to reopen with government help and force the weaker banks to close.Roosevelt launched New Deal programs that would help in industrial and agricultural recovery, two of the hardest economic fields hit. This New Deal helped with immediate problems that were around in the 1930s with programs that addressed relief in unemployment and destitute citizens. But in 1935 reform took t he place of recovery and relief. Roosevelt was developing a broker-state concept of government, responding to pressures from organized elements such as corporations, labor unions, and farm groups while ignoring the needfully and wants of the dispossessed who had no clear political voice (761).This caused a major pressure for change because it did not help the average guy and was meant more for internal government change. The New Deal did have an learn on the quality of life in America, but also had some downfall. Labor unions was one influenced that changed history along with the introduction of Social Security, but the New Deal seemed to only help the more birdcall and organized groups and left minorities out. But still Roosevelts impact on U. S.politics lead to the uplifting of the American people at a time when it was desperately needed in order to survive during a very disturbing and hard time. I dont want to believe it was greed that caused this problem, but rather a misguid ed dream of the want of something better. Isnt that the American dream? Reference Divine, R. A. , Breen, T. H. , Fredrickson, G. M. , & Williams, R. H. (1987). America Past and Present 2nd. Ed. Illinois Scott, Foresman and Company.

Essay – Bridging Brands and Borders: Trends and Tactics to Connect Global Brands with Asian Consumers

Bridging brands and borders Trends and tactics to connect global brands with Asiatic consumers This article briefly states the idea of brand internationalization. Whether brands should localize themselves based on the tastes of the market or they should deem their identity intact. The originator, Craig Briggs states that certain risk is involved when a global party tries and changes too much as per the local tastes.The articles also stresses on instances from the past on Global companies want Starbucks having a successful least sandpiper with the globalization, by modifying certain aspects of the product offered to match the consumer demands, but keeping the ethos of the familiarity intact. Then the article moves in to focus on the aspects of customization and how they appear in four severalize argonas, Functional Customization, oral communication Customization, Format Customization, and unadulterated Customization Facts the author uses for supporting the theory of customiz ation . Functional Customization Frito lay changed the flavor of the chips to better cater to the taste preferences of the Chinese customer. Developing tenderer tastes the company has been successful brand, keeping the DNA of the brand intact. b. Delivery Customization The author appropriately uses the facts active McDonalds and IKEA while stating the area of saving customization. McDonalds has implemented home delivery options in India and China to make the consumer confortable in using the product from the home.IKEA ran the stores in Japan concentrating on the way Japanese homes are and also started a conveyance service between the major metro stations. This gave the consumer the opportunity to connect to the store more. c. Format Customization The author appropriately supports the theory with instances about Coca Cola producing the smaller bottles to compete with the local competitor. d. Perpetual Customization Godiva creating a luxury brand in China is a way in which the auth or provides information how customization is through with(p) in this area. This article provides strategies and tactics of brand adaptation for a global company.As mentioned in the book, branding is key to the success of the company. From the book, we could see how companies customize their products such as McDonalds customizing the burgers for the Indian market. Brand adaptation is crucial for a company otherwise the globalization process can slow down. This article strengthens the concept in the book about how decisions on globalization of the products can affect the brand image of the organization. The investments a company makes in customization of the company will increase the brand equity of the company.I could relate this article to the chapter in the book stigmatization and Product Decisions on Global Marketing as I see customization as a outline to brand creation for a company going global. The author gives examples of the brand customization based on skillful four are as in countries like China and Japan. The author never mentions anything about whether these areas of customization can be applicable to Asia markets as a whole. I would require liked to know through the article about instances where these customizations have worked in the Middle East and the southeastern parts of Asia.Other than this I find the article provides a enlighten picture about the customization process and how it had worked in Asian Markets. The new concepts I learnt from the article is customization areas when the company is think on creating a global brand or starting an operation in a new location, it has to envision into the areas of customizations to match the demands of the location. The explanation of key areas of customization is the article is precise. My interpretation of the key areas of the customization is Functional Customization When a company changes the product to cater to the consumers tastes and preferences.E. g. can be McDonalds changed to include veggie burgers to match the taste of Indian consumers. Functional Customization allows the company to tweak the product, keeping the basis of the product intact. This goes well with the companys modus operandi. Delivery Customization Markets in Asia are used to home delivery concept. Global companys implementing changes in their railway line model to implement delivery mechanism to satisfy the consumer needs is a exact example of delivery customization.Delivery customization is all about creating convenience through its key value proposition. Format Customization This is an area of customization where the company creates a smaller version of the product to compete with the local competition. Companies, which enter a local market sometimes, are faced with local competitors who have a strong foothold in the market. To tackle this competition companies like Coca Cola came up with the smaller bottle that costs less and still keeps the brand of the company intact.Perpetual Customization Perpetual Customization is when a company creates a sub brand for the luxury brand to cater to the niche consumer segment. This is an interesting article on the various aspects of customization and really puts into perspective the areas, which a company can look into while entering a market in ASIA. References http//web. ebscohost. com/mobsmart/citations/citation? vid=4&hid=14&sid=bac33097-2f2f-40f7-b099-9c30003d24c0%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPSZzaXRlPW1vYnNtYXJ0LWxpdmU%3ddb=bth&AN=82945873

Management Information Systems At Access Fulfillment Ltd

knowledgeablenessIn an organizational oscilloscope, the main application of reading is in making sound purposes and finding the scoop remedies to a problem. These practices be closely related, and form foundations of all in all successful companies (Oz, 2008 p.8). In order to achieve this, more or less organizations subscribe to embraced different nurture systems.By definition, an tuition system is a collection of related conjunction resources, which aid in retrieval, processing and distribution of information that throws the decision making process. (Heijden, H., Heijden, M. and Govardus, 2009 p.3). It obtains data as gossip and uses it to process and output useful information for decision making. In this paper, we explore on the application of steering Information Systems by Access terminus Limited, a distribution company for a wide throw away of products, based in Kent, U.K.Management Information Systems at Access Fulfilment LimitedAccording to Sadagopan (2004 p.1 ), anxiety information systems (MIS) ar computer based systems which provide access to data, which is speedy and flexible. There ar several(prenominal) focussing areas where the management information systems have been use to compel strategicalal decisions at Access Fulfilment Ltd.Management Information Systems for Decisions on New Warehouse LocationsIn an effort to expand the company, new offices and branches are lots opened in different locations. To identify the most ideal locations, management information systems of hug drug aid in this analysis. Before a final decision is made, internal company information, as tumefy as environmental information is generated by a management information system. This information includes both the fracture and long term aspects that should be considered before setting up the new branch. These include the securities industry and changeability, which is a prediction of the possible market response at the tine the branch is set up and the government policy, among others.For the store branches that have been opened in the recent past, which are at Suffolk and Bristol, this system has provided the management team with the demand information they need to execute the correct strategic decisions. As stated by Sadagopan (2004 p.14), strategic management information systems require mechanisms necessary for the assimilation of environmental information. This is necessary for influencing strategic decisions systematically.Management Information Systems for Decisions on Alternate FinancingIn every line of descent, the decision for alternate prevail is one of several strategic decisions that need sufficient information before being arrived at (Depamphlis, 2010 p.209). At Access Fulfilment Limited, a summary of status information about the internal financial status of the company is made. This summary is thusly referred to when such decisions are being made. This summary includes details on payrolls, the company budget, ov erruns, and variance analyses. In amplification to this, outside information, which is critical to the long-term status of the company, is also considered.The knowledge of these components of the business environment has enabled the managers of the company to make strategic decisions on this issue. This strategic decision, which applies the management information system, has turned out to benefit the company. For more than ten years that Access Fulfilment Limited has been in business, it has experienced substantial growth. One of the contributions towards this is alternate financing decisions.Management Information Systems for Decisions on Maintaining CompetitivenessCompetition is one of the major challenges faced by every business organizations (Waters, 2010 p.6). For Access Fulfilment Limited, the main sources of competition are other distribution companies that were in business even before it was founded. Having an advantage of a broader customer base as compared to Access Fulf ilment Limited, these companies were backbreaking to compete with. Thus, decisions that had to be made by management to overcome this were very significant for the company.Management information systems aided in making decisions. Through the application of this information system, vital information about these competitors was obtained. This information comprised of the competitors present and future strategies for their distribution businesses. This information was quite helpful to the company. Since the managers were aware of what their competitors had planned, strategic decisions about ad and all other marketing functions of the company were arrived at.This enhanced Access Fulfilment Limiteds competitiveness in the market. It has also helped the company survive and grow for the period that it has been in the market, as is hopeful for merely growth. For this reason, the application of the management information system has been beneficial to Access Fulfilment Limited.Management Information Systems for Decisions on Employee welfare PoliciesAny decision that concerns an organizations welfare policy is among the strategic decisions that are interpreted by personnel management. In order to execute this decision successfully, internal information about the ply members is vital (Sadagopan, 2004 p.15). At Access Fulfilment, the information that influences such decisions includes staff size, quality of staff, their salary enumerations, motivations, and many more.However, what sincerely governs this decision in the organization is the future vision and plans that the managers have. It is also governed by the probable labour market conditions in the business environment. By the application of management information systems, both the internal and external information needed by Access Fulfilment is obtained. This system has been quite resourceful in terms of setting the salaries for employees and motivating them. This strategy has enabled the company to retain most of their pioneer employees. Had the company failed to apply this system, probably the external job market could have been promising for the employees without the knowledge of the management team. Thus, failure or delay in adjusting the welfare of the employees to match or surpass the external market could prompt some of them to leave.The Relationship between Management Information Systems and Other Information SystemsAt Access Fulfilment Limited, several information systems are applied. Apart from the management information system (MIS), there is the executive support system (ESS), decision support system (DSS) and the knowledge management system (KMS), among others. One common thing about these information systems is that they all contribute towards the making of sound decisions that will see the company grow. What differentiates these systems is the level of management in which they are used and when they are used.The executive support system, for instance, is used by top level ex ecutives in decision making (Stair & Reynolds, 2011 p.446). Thus, for this company in as much as management information systems are used on various management levels, executive support systems are exclusive to the top management. Decision support systems, on the other hand is a support system for the management, with more capabilities than the management information systems (Janakiraman & Sarukesi, 2004 p.26) inductionAccess fulfilment has been experiencing reasonable growth ever since 2000, when it started business. Although this cannot be entirely attributed to management information systems, it has been shown that these systems have had their contribution to its success. As aforementioned, this support system has been of great aid to the company in terms of strategic decision making.The aim of management information systems is to offer the right information from company reports (Sarukesi, 2004 p.26). Among the several strategic decisions that this system has helped make, this pap er has addressed decisions for new locations, employee welfare policies, alternate financing and maintaining competitiveness in the business. On evaluating of this system at Access Fulfilment Limited, it can be concluded that it has been of a positive clash to the company.REFERENCEDepamphlis, D. 2010. Mergers and Acquisitions Basics All You Need to Know. Oxford Academic Press.Heijden, H., Heijden, M. and Govardus, J. 2009. Designing Management Information Systems. Oxford Oxford University Press.Janakiraman, V. S. and Sarukesi, K. 2004. Decision embody Systems. Delhi PHI Publishers.Oz, E. 2008. Management Information Systems. Massachusetts Cengage Learning.Sadagopan, S. 2004. Management Information Systems. Delhi PHI Learning.Stair, R. and Reynolds, G. 2011. Principles of Information Systems. Massachusetts Cengage Learning.Waters, T.J. 2010. Hyperformance Using Competitive password for Better Strategy and Execution. California John Wiley & Sons.

Causes of the French Revolution Essay

The Gallic transmutation had many causes including economic. political. and geographic factors that built up until deal decided to take a base. An illustration of this is in document figure 11 which has both(prenominal) and factors from a societal scientific crystalise position. This papers shows the members of the subject assembly who decided to take a base and vowed to non divide until they made a fundamental practice of law subsequently tell apartn as the Tennis Court Oath . This papers truly shows the continuity the people of France had to do life every bit just for both the royals. provincials and everyone in between.As you now know there are many factors that led up to the Gallic Revolution and one of the biggest causes was economic crisis. season the royal household was happy holding banquets the people of France were hungering and many could hardly afford the financial honor of a four pool loaf of staff of life. In document figure 15 it shows how the monetary va luate of staff of life skyrocketed in but a years clip and how frequently of a persons income was spent on staff of life. Not exactly was the monetary value hideous but it was the chief component in their diet so they could non travel without it. This papers is a secondary beginning and it shows both political and economic positions in a societal scientific discipline position.Another illustration of economic confusion is in document figure 10. In this papers it shows the fiscal jobs in France during 1789. The economic system was so unhealthy that non merely were the urban common mans in debt the masculine monarch besides was. When adding up the monetary value of nutrient. rent. tithe. revenue enhancements. and dressing it put the common mans at an amazing 170 % entire. and although it was a lesser sum the male monarch was besides in debt by a humongous 60 % . This papers has both political and economic points and even though it is a secondary beginning it truly makes you believ e about(predicate) how difficult it must hold been for the people to merely last.Throughout history there have been many people who wanted power. to be a draw and stand over others and demo that they are of a greater category. And to the people king Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were pursuance to demo their laterality. Political positions have ever been a large portion of society and they were besides a immense subscriber to the start of the Gallic Revolution. Document figure one has a picture for both King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette which clearly shows that they are rich and powerful. As you look at Marie in this meet you can see that she had no job paying a monetary value to look attractive and Louis closet indicates that he has large luxuries and they love to demo it.This papers is a primary beginning and has political. economic. and heathenish positions. Another great illustration for a political cause is document figure three. This papers non merely has a political p osition it besides shows economic. cultural. and psychologically positions in a primary beginning. It talks about the adversities a adult female and her hubby are confronting seeking to run into the demands of the royals. the papers states The revenue enhancements and feudalistic dues are oppressing us. What sent many people over the border was non being treated reasonably until they last snapped.

The Others-Movie Review

Nurul Hazwani Bt Hatta M12L THE OTHERS Movie limited review The Others is one of the psychological horror movies that impress me with its good story plot and suspense elements. It was written, directed and scored by Spanish director Alejandro Amenabar, starring Nicole Kidman and Christopher Eccleston. It is inspired partly by the 1898 novella The Turn of the Screw. Grace Stewart (Nicole Kidman) is a Catholic mother who lives with her two small children in a remote country category in the British Crown Dependency of Jersey, in the immediate aftermath of World War II.The war was acting vital role in being contributing factor that cause depression in Grace. The extend is the triggering element that cause phychology disorder in her. The children, Anne and Nicholas have an uncommon disease, xeroderma pigmentosa, characterized by photosensitivity, so their lives be structured around a series of complex rules designed to protect them from inadvertent exposure to sunlight. The brand-ne w arrival of three servants at the house an aging nanny and servant named Mrs.Bertha Mills ,an elderly gardener named Mr. Edmund Tuttle, and a young mute girl named Lydia coincides with a number of odd events, and Grace begins to fear that they ar not alone. Anne draws pictures of four people a man, a woman, a boy called Victor, and an elder woman, all of whom she says she has seen in the house. A piano is heard from inside a locked room when no one is inside. Grace finds and examines a book of the dead, which shows mourning portraits taken in the 19th century of recently deceased corpses.I was so ball over when the doors which Grace believes to have been closed are found mysteriously ajar. Grace tries hunting down the intruders with a shotgun but cannot find them. She scolds her daughter for believing in ghosts until she hears them herself. Eventually, convincing herself that something unholy is in the house, she runs stunned in the fog to get the local priest to bless the h ouse. Meanwhile, the servants, led by Mrs. Mills, are intelligibly up to something of their own. The gardener buries a headstone under autumn leaves, and Mrs.Mills listens faithfully to Annes allegations against her mother. Outside, Grace loses herself in the life-threatening fog, but she miraculously discovers her husband Charles who she thought had been killed in the war, and brings him back to the house. Charles is distant during the one day he spends in the house, and Mrs. Mills is heard telling Mr. Tuttle, I do not think he knows where he is. Grace later sees an old woman dressed up like her daughter. Grace says, You are not my daughter and attacks her.However, she finds that she has actually attacked her daughter instead. Anne refuses to be near her mother afterward, while Grace swears she saw the old woman. Mrs. Mills tells Anne that she too has seen the people, but they cannot yet tell the mother because Grace will not withdraw what she is not ready for. Charles is stun ned when Anne tells him the things her mother did to her. He says he must leave for the front and disappears again. afterwards Charles leaves, Anne continues to see things, including Victors whole family and the old woman.Grace breaks down to Mrs. Mills, who claims that sometimes the cosmea of the dead gets mixed up with the world of the living. At last, I know that actually, it is Graces family who is dead, not the intruders. The intruders are the living people who bought the house after the death of Graces family. Grace and her children cannot accept the fact that they are dead. Grace whitethorn have some mental illness when she killed her children with pillow and then kill herself with a rifle.She was suffering from idiom as she was feeling isolated and lonely as her husband didnt come back from war. I love the suspense element and the twisting plot story. At first, I thought that the intruders are the large(p) guy, but actually Graces family is the one that possess the hous e and reluctant to leave their dormitory even when they are dead. From this story,I learn that it is important to control our emotion and be patient in veneering any difficulties in our life to lead a healthy and happy life.

DETERMINATION OF THE GLYCAEMIC INDEX OF NOVEL FOODS Essay

DETERMINATION OF THE GLYCAEMIC INDEX OF NOVEL FOODS - Essay ExampleIn the ample term, this speeds up the development of the disease (Giugliano, Ceriello and Esposito 2008, n.p.). The condition of postprandial glycemia also results in the cells developing a rampart to the insulin. The strong evidence that links vascular complications to postprandial glycemic levels on the upper side also necessitates the control.GI ratings rank foods as being high, medium, low or very low GI foods (Foster-Powell, Holt and Brand-Miller 2002, p. 10). This system involves providing an foreshadow of the sugar that will be available for absorption once the food is consumed. Assigning a GI to a food will enable control of postprandial glycemia that aides to avoid complications associated with different glycemic levels. confused GI nutriments result in low postprandial glycemia. Increased postprandial glycemic levels are associated with increased insulin enemy and reduced release (Shobana et al. 2012, p . 179). The high GI diet will also result in unhorse HDL cholesterol and increased LDL cholesterol. As such, it is necessary for diabetics to have low GI diet that facilitate lower postprandial glycemia that will improve insulin production and reduce its resistance. The result will tell in the loss of weight as well as its maintenance that will improve insulin sensitivity, all in all of which are necessary for the care of diabetes (Marsh et al. 2011, p. 126). The diet will also result in the development of advanced lipid profiles that will prevent cardiovascular diseases associated with diabetics.Novel foods have sugar and fatty acid limit that differ from tralatitiously grown foods. For example, in the western diet, in the last century, there has been the introduction of invention foods that contain a higher sugar to fiber ratio, which has meant that they have a higher GI than their traditional counterparts (Cordain et al. 2005, n.p.). This means consumption of the former wi th the thought that they are similar to the latter may be potentially

Management information system db5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management information system db5 - Essay Examples is also valid because a similar trend occurred between the years 2005 and 2006 before regaining the increase trend (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2011). The decision by the Attorney Generals to establish computer plague as a priority for the justice agency also means that the crime is becoming more than significant than other types of crimes (Offices of the United States Attorneys, n.d.).Three different types of cyber crime that I am aw ar of are cyber trespass, cyber theft, and cyber violence (Cornelius and Hermann, 2011, p. 21, 22). Cyber trespass involves real or virtual access of a persons computer, make damage such as accessing information from the computer or introducing a virus into the computer. Cyber theft nevertheless defined unauthorized access and use data from a computer through the internet season cyber violence involves psychological damage or incitement into physical

Contextual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contextual analysis - Essay ExampleThe sound of water saturates the whole film as well as its soundtrack. Incidentally, the delicate sound of bath water that softly drips from a visibly long, wet hair could only be comparable to the waterfalls at Niagara (Gopnik 2). The story winds in and surface in a manner likened to the temporal Mobius strip. The film is generally about cardinal women. One fair sex is relative young and eager whereas the other one is former(a) and reserved. The two women ar ostensibly qualifying about their day-to-day routine and activities. Incidentally, the visitor is pondering just in case the two women are really one. Thesis Statement While the artisan has effectively used the audio- tv set platform to underscore the lives and attributes of two women characters that are at different stages of their lives, I believe that the representation of water is satisfactory evidence to see that the two women are the same though portrayed in different parts or st ages of their lives. The artist has effectively intertwined the lives and daily routines of the two women in a way that suggests their past successfully shaped their present. In the same way, the experience alongside currents of sequence shaped their past. In essence, remembering is evidently a inventive way since it is obviously difficult to recall that past completely (Connors 4). Apart from the theme of water, Tans film also reflects the aspects of isolation, dislocation and loss. The double projection employed by the artist display the sometime(a) char charr reminiscing about her youthful lifetime. The film moves back and forth in attempt to show life in the past and present. Commissioned by Vancouver Art gallery, the film simultaneously displays the video recording of satiny water (Connors 4). The time period of water apparently dominates the film and soundtrack thereby giving an impression of the memory flow and time. It is imperative to emphasize that the two women are at different stages of their lives. Figure 1 Figure 2 While the younger woman is still eager and ambitious to accomplish many of her dreams in life, the older one could only recollect the good moments and difficulties of her young life. Life to the young woman is vast with opportunities and aspirations botheration in the short term and long term (Piturro 10). The piece demonstrates the kinds of historical, social, cultural relationships that human beings carry at heart themselves as they progress in life from childhood to adulthood and finally old age. The older woman is reticent, a sign that she perhaps feel content with the various achievements she has made in life. She credibly thinks it is time to reflect on the successes and disappointments of life because the strength and vigor is long gone (Piturro 10). In contrast, the young woman has numerous ambitions she intends to achieve in the near future. Furthermore, she evidently has the power, strength, vigor and determination t o realize her dreams. The movie overdress and Fall examines the retrospective gaze along with its relationship to several images that people carry that are reflective of their social, cultural and historical dynamism. It is clearly intricate to tell whether the two women in fact represent a single woman at different points in life (Connors 4). What is very logical in the video is that their ages are contrasting. However, Tan lets the viewers acquire adequate account of their daily rituals. For

Indian culture ,Bhagavad Gita Analysis of a World Text see example in Research Paper

Indian culture ,Bhagavad Gita Analysis of a World Text see exercise in site instructuions - Research Paper Examplee cause for this narration is Arjunas bewilderment regarding his relationships, bondage to people and the material world, and an effort to liberate himself from these bondages. Hence, the Lord advises Arjuna to follow path of Dharma ( remunerateeousness/duty) to achieve paper bag from the materialistic bondages.According to Sankaracharya, this entire philosophy is assembled into 745 versus and ground on four main principles, referred to as Purusharthas (Bhagavad-Gita, Gambhirananda, xii) in the Mahabharata these include Dharma (The principle of righteousness), Artha (Wealth), Kaama (pleasure or desires), and moksha (spiritual freedom or self-realization) (qtd. in Rau, 25). All versus in the Bhagavad-Gita are based on these principles, and teach mankind how to abide by these principles. These teachings also include the effects of following and non following these pri nciples on mankind and its future. The first principle of Dharma (righteousness/duty) guides all actions that man has to perform in order to successfully complete all the duties and eventually attain liberation. This topic is elaborated based on fewer teachings on Dharma (righteousness/duty), and explained in relation to achievement of self-liberation. For instance, the Lord advises Arjuna to focus on Dharma, which is righteousness of actions and duty.The Lord says, Your right is for action alone, never for the results. Do non become the agent of the results of action. May you not have whatsoever inclination for inaction. (Bhagavad-Gita, Gambhirananda, 247). Here, the lord explains that a mans duty is only to perform actions and not expect results. Moreover, man should certainly perform actions and not escape from doing what is required. If man starts thinking about or expecting specific results from actions performed, then he will become a propagator of results desired from the work he does. This expectation could lead him towards inappropriate actions meant to achieve desired results.

Western vision and American values. Western notions of freedom and Essay

Western vision and Ameri jakes values. Western notions of immunity and democracy - Essay mannikinThis question requires the discussion of the notion of the Rule of impartiality and how it has developed within and through the Western Notions of freedom and democracy. My discussion explores the position vis a vis the two great democratic nations which have led the world in their quest for human rights and whose legal and political systems are deemed to be the envy of the world.It has often been said that the redbrick American Constitution along with the Declaration of Independence is a result of Lockean Ideals of Liberalism(that is John Lockes Concepts base on liberty, freedom, instituting government, and the right to alter that government.).However proponents of the heavy influence of British/European subjectls (Gary Wills for example) have argued that a much(prenominal) much important role in this regard has been played by Scottish philosophers ,the Dutch and more importantly Britain.(Kavka 198645).Thomas G. West (200395) has summarized the position with regards to John Lockes ideals indeed by way of stating,According to Sheldon the Declaration of Rights reflects ternary dominant ideologies present during the American revolution and the founding of the American republic. These political philosophies were British liberalismClassical Republicanismand Christianity, It can be seen that the Western Ideals of Government and Democracy are directly a result of the way old-fashioned Roman and European philosophers sought to understand the human nature by the concept of the put up of nature. commonwealth of nature. (Kavka 198687).This theory sought to look at human beings after stripping them of all their societal attributes, in the hope of uncovering their common characteristics.(Jean 198646) Through this theory they hoped to discover an effective theory of Government.For Hobbes man is strictly motivated by self interest and in his notion of the state of n ature all piece are competing with to each one other .(Jean 198658).For Locke of the state of nature reveals the obligations of humans to each other in monetary value of natural rights to life, liberty and property. In contrast for Rousseau in line with the tradition of the modern natural law there was a extremity to answer the challenge of scepticism and this would require a step by step approach to human nature based on self interest. (Jean 198669).For Hobbes men are politically obligated to each other based on their own selfish interests which is their state of nature. The notion of the state of nature assumes that it is each man for himself out there and every man is vulnerable. This he shows is not a desirable state to be in at all and therefore there is a need of an invisible assurance of security.For him this state of perpetual and unavoidable war, leave behind cause anarchy and will not benefit anyone.(Kavka 198687).Here he brings in his notions of the social contract which will help this society to reanimate stability and create a civil society. The first and most important law of nature commands that each man be willing to pursue peace when others are willing to do the same, all the trance retaining the right to continue to pursue war when others do not pursue peace. The enforcement of the social contract thus involves the establishment of a society and the imbuement of one or many individuals with a sovereign status in order to enforce and maintain this contract. For Rousseaus the idea of the State of Nature takes a historic approach to this idea and mankinds progression into the civil society. He goes back to the historic state of nature for men and terms it as a peaceful time with a simple life for human kind. There was no contest as there was little population and plenty of resources. Armed conflict was barely there and masses had little interaction with each other.For him human nature has corrupted into